Table 3.

Clinical recommendations

Improve retention	• Give in-person feedback, plan multiple sessions if needed • Give balanced feedback (focus on strength and weaknesses) • Explain the normative comparison • Use concrete metaphors to illustrate cognitive domains • Limit feedback to essential points and repeat these • Involve family members • Let patients and family members take notes • Provide written or visual materials using understandable language. • Evaluate level of understanding and level of emotional acceptance multiple times.
Improve adherence	• Ascertain the retention of the feedback provided • Evaluate whether the patient is willing to adapt to recommendations and explore barriers they might experience (e.g., access to care) • Communicate with the referrer to attenuate whether feedback and recommendations are appropriate • Provide patient and family with contact details if questions arise
Motivational Interviewing (MI)	MI principles can be used to improve retention, adherence and a positive relationship with the clinician. The core principles: • Show empathy (e.g., reflective listening principles such as listening rather than telling) • Make the patients see the discrepancy between their behavior and their goals (e.g., by making them aware of the consequences) • Avoid argument (e.g., by shifting the attention of focus on another topic) • Do not oppose to resistance, but adjust to the patient • Stimulate self-efficacy