Table I.
List of cutaneous parasites and their transmission methods.
| Parasitic infestation | Associated parasite | Transmission method | Reservoir | References |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Gnathostomiasis | Gnathostoma genus | -Ingestion of infected aquatic animal |
-Fresh water copepods -Certain fish species -Certain aquatic animals |
(1, 2) |
| Leishmaniasis |
Leishmania amazonensis, Leishmania braziliensis, Leishmania guyanensis, Leishmania major, Leishmania Mexicana, Leishmania panamensis, Leishmania tropica, Leishmania aethiopica |
-Bite from an infected female sand-fly from the Phlebotomus species |
-Mammals | (3, 4) |
| Lyme disease | Borrelia burgdorferi, Borrelia afzelii, Borrelia garinii | -Bite from a tick of the Ixodes genus | -Human | (5, 6) |
| Myiasis |
Dermatobia hominis, Cordylobia anthropophaga, Cuterebra spp, Cochliomyia hominivorax, Chrysomya bezziana, Wohlfahrtia magnifica, Gasterophilus spp, Hypoderma ovis, Hypoderma lineatum |
-Skin contact with soil or clothing infested with parasitic eggs | -Human | (7, 8) |
| Onchocerciasis | -Onchocerca volvulus | -Bite from an infected black fly of the simulium genus | -Human | (9, 10) |
| Pediculosis | Pediculus humanus var. capitis, Pediculus humanus var. pubis | -Direct and indirect skin to skin contact | -Human | (11, 12) |
| Scabies | Sarcoptes scabiei | -Direct and indirect skin to skin contact | -Human | (13, 14) |
| Strongyloidiasis |
Strongyloides stercoralis, Strongyloides fuelleborni, Strongyloides myopotami, Strongyloides procyonis |
-Skin contamination by soil infected with the filariform larvae | -Human | (15, 16) |
| Tungiasis | Tunga penetrans, Tunga trimamillata | -Cutaneous ectopic penetration by the female sand flee |
-Human -Domestic animals -Sylvatic animals |
(17, 18) |