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. 2022 May 10;12:7665. doi: 10.1038/s41598-022-11860-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons licence, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article's Creative Commons licence, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article's Creative Commons licence and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this licence, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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The proportion of current smokers during IBD diagnosis and control selection, stratified by year. Patients were classified based on year at diagnosis (before 1990, 1991–1995, 1996–2000, 2001–2005, 2006–2010, 2011–2015, and 2016–2020). The crude prevalence of current smoking decreased from 32.5% (1990) to 13% (2018) in the control group (p < 0.01) and 25% (before 1990) to 7% (2016–2020) in UC patients (p = 0.04), whereas the prevalence of current smoking did not decrease over time and remained stable at approximately 9% in CD patients (p = 0.89).