Table 4.
Assessment of motor functions in adults with ASD in comparison to HC.
| Tasks | Parameter (unit) | HC Mean (SD) | ASD Mean (SD) | Mean Diff | T-Test p-value | Cohen´s D |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| POCO | Eyes Open DR pitch (°) | 2.07 (1.09) | 2.46 (1.66) | 0.39 | .213 | 0.277 |
| Eyes Open DR roll (°) | 1.68 (0.72) | 2.27 (1.46) | 0.60 | .027 | 0.522 | |
| Eyes Open MSV 3D (°/s) | 0.44 (0.17) | 0.59 (0.30) | 0.14 | .012 | 0.592 | |
| Eyes Closed DR pitch (°) | 2.39 (1.65) | 3.34 (2.68) | 0.95 | .067 | 0.426 | |
| Eyes Closed DR roll (°) | 3.09 (2.14) | 4.72 (4.24) | 1.63 | .039 | 0.486 | |
| Eyes Closed MSV 3D (°/s) | 0.72 (0.41) | 1.03 (0.69) | 0.31 | .019 | 0.552 | |
| SLW | Speed (m/s) | 0.29 (0.07) | 0.29 (0.12) | 0.01 | .819 | 0.050 |
| Mov X (cm) | 1.45 (0.28) | 1.66 (0.50) | 0.21 | .030 | 0.509 | |
| Mov Y (cm) | 0.97 (0.38) | 1.83 (0.94) | 0.86 | < .001 | 1.202 | |
| SCSW | Speed (°/s) | 1.29 (0.16) | 1.06 (0.31) | − 0.24 | < .001 | − 0.962 |
| Mov X (cm) | 1.68 (0.43) | 2.04 (0.64) | 0.36 | .004 | 0.659 | |
| Mov Y (cm) | 1.06 (0.28) | 1.14 (0.62) | 0.08 | .445 | 0.168 | |
| SIP | Knee Amplitude (m) | 18.1 (5.14) | 18.0 (5.87) | − 0.10 | .935 | − 0.018 |
| Amplitude Asymmetry (%) | 10.08 (9.86) | 11.52 (10.85) | 1.44 | .535 | 0.139 | |
| Cadence (Steps/min) | 93.77 (15.9) | 82.76 (17.33) | − 11.01 | .004 | − 0.661 | |
| Arrhythmicity (%) | 9.50 (6.12) | 11.35 (7.73) | 1.85 | .237 | 0.265 | |
| SLS | R DR 3D (°) | 5.20 (3.13) | 6.27 (3.61) | 1.06 | .162 | 0.315 |
| R MSV 3D (°/s) | 0.92 (0.46) | 1.02 (0.09) | 0.10 | .355 | 0.209 | |
| L DR 3D (°) | 4.20 (1.96) | 4.38 (0.18) | 0.18 | .769 | 0.065 | |
| L MSV 3D (°/s) | 0.81 (0.33) | 1.05 (0.24) | 0.24 | .034 | 0.474 | |
| JJ | Hand Cycle Time (s) | 1.18 (0.77) | 1.16 (0.42) | − 0.02 | .913 | − 0.025 |
| Hand Cycle Arrhymicity (%) | 0.10 (0.14) | 0.12 (0.18) | 0.02 | .494 | 0.153 | |
| Feet Cycle Time (s) | 1.02 (0.13) | 1.10 (0.25) | 0.09 | .035 | 0.466 | |
| Feet Cycle Arrhymicity (%) | 0.05 (0.05) | 0.10 (0.12) | 0.06 | .009 | 0.626 | |
| pSIP | Knee Amplitude (m) | 17.4 (4.67) | 17.4 (5.87) | 0.00 | .981 | -0.005 |
| Amplitude Asymmetry (%) | 13.01 (9.40) | 12.21 (10.68) | − 0.79 | .725 | − 0.079 | |
| Cadence (Steps/min) | 89.08 (5.45) | 87.43 (6.90) | − 1.65 | .236 | − 0.265 | |
| Arrhythmicity (%) | 9.86 (4.32) | 9.36 (4.87) | − 0.50 | .629 | − 0.108 | |
| POCO-T | Eyes Open DR 3D (°) | 2.34 (1.33) | 2.72 (1.77) | 0.38 | .277 | 0.243 |
| Eyes Open MSV 3D (°/s) | 0.50 (0.21) | 0.67 (0.37) | 0.17 | .019 | 0.552 | |
| Eyes Closed DR 3D (°) | 2.83 (2.21) | 4.71 (3.87) | 1.89 | .011 | 0.599 | |
| Eyes Closed MSV 3D (°/s) | 0.85 (0.53) | 1.24 (0.90) | 0.39 | .026 | 0.521 | |
| FTT | R Frequency (Hz) | 2.08 (0.43) | 1.81 (0.53) | − 0.28 | .016 | − 0.571 |
| L Frequency (Hz) | 2.08 (0.57) | 1.86 (0.68) | − 0.22 | .123 | − 0.364 |
HC = healthy controls, ASD = autism spectrum disorder, SD = standard deviation, Diff = difference, Sem = standard error of measurement, DR 3D = deflection range in 3D, MSV 3D = mean sway velocity in 3D, Mov X = movement deviation in mediolateral direction, Mov Y = movement deviation in anteroposterior direction at hip level, R = right, L = left, Hz = Hertz, POCO = postural control stance, POCO-T = postural control tandem stance, SLS = single leg stance, SLW = line walk, SCSW = walk at a subjectively comfortable speed, SIP = stepping in place, pSIP = paced stepping in place, JJ = jumping jack, FTT = finger tapping test. For description of movement tasks see Table 1. Bold values show p-value smaller than .05.