Table 2.

Association between nephrotoxin use and the development of study endpoints

	De novo or progressive CKD by either diagnosis code or eGFR decline		Composite of de novo or progressive CKD, readmission with AKI or death
Time Dependent covariates	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P value	Hazard Ratio (95% CI)	P value
Nephrotoxin (Y vs N)	1.38 (1.24–1.54)	<0.001	1.41 (1.28–1.56)	<0.001
Nephrotoxin count (continuous)a	1.23 (1.16–1.31)	<0.001	1.25 (1.18–1.32)	<0.001
Nephrotoxin count (categorical)
0	Reference		Reference
1	1.34 (1.18–1.51)	<0.001	1.39 (1.24–1.55)	<0.001
2	1.63 (1.35–1.96)	<0.001	1.59 (1.34–1.88)	<0.001
3	1.60 (1.11–2.33)	0.013	1.84 (1.35–2.52)	0.001
4+	2.11 (1.25–3.59)	0.006	2.13 (1.32–3.45)	0.002

CKD: chronic kidney disease, eGFR: estimated glomerular filtration rate, AKI: acute kidney injury

^aPer 1 nephrotoxin prescribed