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. 2022 May 10;13:2558. doi: 10.1038/s41467-022-30050-y

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© The Author(s) 2022

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

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Fig. 7 — Global gene expression patterns clearly separate PCNSL from other subtypes (ABC-DLBCL, GCB-DLBCL, and FL; a). The heatmap shows unsupervised consensus clustering of gene expression data. All SCNSL-M and PCNSL-M cluster with non-CNS-DLBCL, distinct from intraparenchymal PCNSL. The ABC-DLBCL cluster is enriched for MYD88 mutant samples, which are distinct from MYD88 L265P mutant PCNSL. Samples of normal germinal center (GC) and naïve B-cells were included as controls. Furthermore, normal brain tissue (CNS controls) samples were added to analyze the impact of normal brain tissue contamination at the RNA level. Consensus clustering (skmeans) with intraparenchymal PCNSL samples and CNS controls revealed two groups (b). The first PCNSL expression group (PCNSL subcluster 1, on the right) consisted of samples with high tumor cell content, the second (PCNSL subcluster 2, on the left) contained mainly samples with a lower tumor cell content, which signatures correlated well with normal brain tissue expression. PCNSL can be distinguished from ABC-DLBCL, GCB-DLBCL, and FL based on the expression of IG constant genes (c).