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. 2022 May 11;8:258. doi: 10.1038/s41420-022-01046-w

Fig. 1. Oxidative stress-induced leakage of mtDNA and activation of the cGAS-STING pathway accompanied with inflammation in DCM mice hearts.

Fig. 1

a Assessment of the level of MDA in fresh heart tissues. n = 3 in each group. b mRNA levels of SOD-1, HO-1, and GPX-1 determined in tissues by qRT–PCR. n = 3 in each group. c mRNA levels of Dloop1, Dloop2, Dloop3, CytB, 16S, and ND4 determined in tissues by qRT–PCR. n = 3 in each group. d The contents of cGAMP in the hearts of DCM mice. n = 7 in each group. e Representative protein levels of cGAS, STING, p-TBK1/TBK1, and p-IRF3/IRF3 normalized to β-actin in heart tissues by western blot. n = 3 in each group. f mRNA levels of NLRP3, TNF-α, IFN-β, IL-1β, and IL-18 in tissues. n = 3 in each group. The results were normalized to β-actin. Values are the mean ± SEM. *P < 0.05 vs. the control group. DCM diabetic cardiomyopathy, MDA malondialdehyde.