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. 2022 Apr 27;13:881658. doi: 10.3389/fphys.2022.881658

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Copyright © 2022 Valerianova, Mlcek, Grus, Malik and Kittnar.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Time course of hemodynamic parameters after AVF opening. (A) Heart rate, (B) Mean arterial pressure (MAP), (C) Pulmonary artery mean pressure (PAMP), (D) Carotid artery flow. HR and PAMP (A,C) increased immediately after AVF opening and showed a continuous increase afterwards. MAP and carotid artery flow (B,D) dropped rapidly, then rose after the initial dip; the resulting values remained lower than in baseline. Significance of observed changes after AVF opening vs. baselines was calculated at 1, 5 and 15 min after AVF opening. Displayed values are averaged from all subjects. *p < 0.05; **p < 0.01; †p < 0.001; ‡p < 0.0001.