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. 2022 Mar 21;17(2):284–297. doi: 10.1016/j.ajps.2022.02.005

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© 2022 Shenyang Pharmaceutical University. Published by Elsevier B.V.

This is an open access article under the CC BY-NC-ND license (http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by-nc-nd/4.0/).

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Fig 4 — Transdermal delivery of r-hirudin via 3DMN administration in vitro. (A) The dissolution rate of r-hirudin loaded 3DMN in rat skin with different dissolving times (reflect by the length ratio of MNs residue on patch, n = 3). (B) Dosing rate of r-hirudin loaded 3DMN on rat (n = 4) and porcine cadaver skin (n = 4). (C) Representative images of penetration depth via confocal laser scanning microscopy (bar: 200 µm). (D) Transdermal delivery of r-hirudin loaded 3DMN on rat skin (n = 4). (E) Transdermal delivery of r-hirudin loaded 3DMN on porcine cadaver skin (n = 4).