Fig. 3.

CaM1- and L-VGCC-mediated Ca²⁺ signalling pathways were essential for the acaricidal mechanism of scoparone. a, b Schematic drawing of VGCCs (a) and CaMs (b). COOH, CT region; NH₂, NT region; 1–6 and TM, transmembrane helices; I-IV, domains I-IV; EFh, EF-hand domains. c Schematic drawing of leaf disc-mediated RNAi in mites. d dsRNA was successfully delivered to target tissues in mites by leaf disc-mediated RNAi. dsGFP was labelled with FAM (6-carboxy-fluorescein). Positive staining for dsGFP is shown as green zones in the images captured under a microscope. e qRT-PCR and RT-PCR analyses of TcVGCC and TcCaM expression after RNAi at 48 h post dsRNA feeding relative to the expression after DEPC-water treatment, respectively. f Summary of the LC₅₀ values after RNAi. The data are shown as the mean ± SD from three independent experiments. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001. ns, not significant.