Table 5.
Comparisons of Physical and Emotional Health According to the Characteristics of the Participants and Their Preterm Infants (N=91)
| Variables | Characteristics | Categories | Physical health |
Postpartum depression |
State anxiety |
Guilt |
||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| M±SD | t (p) | M±SD | t (p) | M±SD | t (p) | M±SD | t (p) | |||
| Mothers | Age (year) | ≤35 | 36.17±7.83 | 0.68 | 12.02±6.86 | 1.51 | 49.92±13.32 | 1.43 | 13.92±4.54 | 1.03 |
| ≥36 | 34.95±9.27 | (.501) | 9.91±6.46 | (.135) | 45.95±12.97 | (.155) | 12.95±4.32 | (.304) | ||
| Education level | ≥University | 35.40±8.52 | 0.70 | 11.08±6.65 | 0.28 | 48.34±13.38 | 0.68 | 13.57±4.41 | 0.72 | |
| High school | 37.63±8.79 | (.483) | 10.38±7.89 | (.777) | 45.00±12.03 | (.499) | 12.38±4.92 | (.472) | ||
| Employment status | Yes | 36.09±8.10 | 0.67 | 10.17±5.57 | 1.38 | 48.06±11.47 | 0.01 | 13.07±4.33 | 1.01 | |
| No | 34.86±9.15 | (.503) | 12.27±8.03 | (.172) | 48.03±15.63 | (.992) | 14.03±4.59 | (.317) | ||
| Birth history | Primipara | 36.01±8.36 | 0.81 | 11.72±6.81 | 1.72 | 49.85±12.72 | 2.29 | 14.22±4.10 | 2.91 | |
| Multipara | 34.35±9.03 | (.420) | 8.96±6.11 | (.088) | 42.70±13.57 | (.024) | 11.22±4.72 | (.004) | ||
| Multiple births | Yes | 35.92±8.00 | 0.42 | 12.63±6.75 | 2.74 | 49.85±13.11 | 1.51 | 14.37±4.51 | 2.30 | |
| No | 35.15±9.24 | (.672) | 8.87±6.13 | (.008) | 45.64±13.19 | (.135) | 12.26±4.08 | (.024) | ||
| Education on postnatal care | Yes | 32.67±9.23 | 1.64 | 8.89±6.24 | 1.51 | 43.61±15.25 | 1.60 | 11.78±4.79 | 1.82 | |
| No | 36.32±8.24 | (.104) | 11.55±6.77 | (.134) | 49.14±12.57 | (.113) | 13.88±4.28 | (.072) | ||
| Underlying prenatal disease status | Yes | 37.03±8.26 | 1.13 | 11.83±6.71 | 0.81 | 48.90±13.03 | 0.43 | 14.23±4.28 | 1.17 | |
| No | 34.89±8.61 | (.260) | 10.62±6.74 | (.423) | 47.62±13.42 | (.668) | 13.08±4.50 | (.247) | ||
| Pregnancy method | Natural | 36.38±8.67 | 0.77 | 11.03±6.57 | 0.00 | 48.58±13.04 | 0.34 | 13.35±4.63 | 0.21 | |
| Artificial | 34.98±8.43 | (.441) | 11.02±6.90 | (.997) | 47.63±13.50 | (.737) | 13.55±4.32 | (.833) | ||
| Preterm infants | Sex | Male | 35.93±9.11 | 0.38 | 11.16±7.08 | 0.19 | 48.24±13.76 | 0.14 | 13.71±4.64 | 0.53 |
| Female | 35.26±7.98 | (.709) | 10.89±6.43 | (.853) | 47.85±12.86 | (.887) | 13.22±4.26 | (.599) | ||
| Gestational age (week) | ＜34 | 35.72±8.33 | 0.19 | 11.82±7.06 | 1.58 | 50.45±12.76 | 2.48 | 14.03±4.46 | 1.73 | |
| ≥34 | 35.35±9.00 | (.849) | 9.48±5.81 | (.117) | 43.39±13.10 | (.015) | 12.35±4.25 | (.088) | ||
| Ventilator care | Yes | 33.90±7.74 | 1.33 | 13.23±6.25 | 2.25 | 54.50±11.77 | 3.45 | 14.73±4.38 | 1.95 | |
| No | 36.43±8.81 | (.185) | 9.93±6.72 | (.027) | 44.87±12.84 | (.001) | 12.84±4.36 | (.055) | ||
| Oxygen treatment* | Yes | 35.49±8.87 | 0.17 | 11.70±6.74 | 1.45 | 50.14±12.98 | 2.32 | 13.84±4.43 | 1.23 | |
| No | 35.82±7.81 | (.866) | 9.50±6.54 | (.151) | 43.32±12.79 | (.022) | 12.61±4.41 | (.223) | ||
| Antibiotic treatment | Yes | 35.41±8.38 | 0.26 | 12.34±7.20 | 2.43 | 50.93±14.01 | 2.72 | 13.89±4.63 | 1.18 | |
| No | 35.89±8.84 | (.797) | 8.91±5.31 | (.017) | 43.43±10.52 | (.008) | 12.77±4.08 | (.243) | ||
| Hospitalization | Yes | 35.50±8.35 | 0.17 | 11.89±6.99 | 2.05 | 50.33±13.05 | 2.78 | 13.86±4.40 | 1.41 | |
| No | 35.84±9.10 | (.866) | 8.72±5.42 | (.044) | 42.00±11.98 | (.007) | 12.40±4.43 | (.162) | ||
*
Excluding ventilator.