Table 2.

Summary of representative FMNs for imaging-guided combinatorial tumor therapy.

Name of the nanomaterials	Fenton metals	Theranostic modalities	Performance	Refs.
DEN-DOX@TA-FeIII	Fe3+/Fe2+	Chemotherapy /CDT	CDT sensitization by DOX-mediated apoptosis	[68]
DSF@PEG/Cu-HMSNs	Cu2+/Cu+	Chemotherapy /CDT	Cu2+ released from HMSNs in acidic TME to form toxic CuETs, or converse into Cu+ by endogenous H2O2 to produce ROS.	[29]
DDMON-IONP-CUR	Fe3+/Fe2+	Chemotherapy /CDT	Cancer-cell-specific Ca2+ and GSH depletion, •OH generation, thioredoxin reductase inhibition, and tumor ICD.	[69]
UCNPs@MnO2-Pt-PEG	Mn2+	MRI/UCL imaging-guided chemotherapy /CDT	GSH depletion- and cisplatin-activation-enhanced •OH generation, along with TME-triggered MRI/UCL imaging.	[70]
SRF@Hb-Ce6	Fe2+	CDT/PDT	Sorafenib/Fe-induced ferroptosis combining with PDT	[31]
mCMSNs	Cu2+/Cu+, Mn2+	MRI-guided PDT/CDT	Programing TME via hypoxia relief and GSH depletion to enhance PDT/CDT.	[71]
Cu2-xSe-CD-Ce6	Cu2+/Cu+	PAI-guided CDT/PDT	Fenton-like Haber-Weiss catalyst for ICD and M1-macrophages polarization.	[72]
Au-MnO@ PEG/PPADT	Mn2+	FI/MRI-guided CDT/ST	ROS and GSH-triggered Au NPs release as numerous cavitation nucleation for sonodynamic conversion, and Mn2+ production for Fenton-like reaction.	[73]
EA-Fe@BSA	Fe3+/Fe2+	MRI-guided CDT/PTT	Endogenous H2S triggered Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion and PTT-enhanced •OH generation.	[74]
Au@MSN@ IONP	Fe3+/Fe2+	MRI-guided PTT-enhanced CDT	Heat-triggered intracellular H2O2 production to fuel Fenton reaction, and PI3K/Akt/FoxO axis inhibition.	[75]
Cu(I) phosphide nanocrystals	Cu+	PAI/MRI/PTI guided CDT/PTT	GSH depletion and NIR II photothermal conversion to increase •OH generation, along with in situ T1−MR imaging.	[76]
FP NRs	Fe3+/Fe2+	PAI/MRI-guided CDT/PTT	Ultrasound and photothermal-enhanced Fenton reaction, along with PA/MR imaging.	[77]
MnOx@silicene-BSA	Mn2+	PAI/MRI-guided CDT/PTT	Hyperthermia-augmented Fenton-like catalytic activity, along with TME-responsive T1−MRI and PAI.	[78]
Co-Fc@GOx	Fe2+	Starvation therapy/CDT	Promoting intracellular acidity and H2O2 production by GOx to boost the Fenton reaction.	[79]
GOx@ZIF@TA-FeIII	Fe3+/Fe2+	MRI-guided starvation therapy enhanced CDT	GOx-mediated H2O2 generation and TA-induced Fe3+/Fe2+ conversion for enhanced CDT.	[33]
Fe5C2-GOx@ MnO2	Fe2+	T1/T2 MRI-guided starvation therapy /CDT	MnO2 decomposition and GOx release under acidic TME for starvation therapy to enhance CDT, along with MR imaging.	[80]
MnOx-TF	Mn2+	MRI/PAI-guided immunotherapy /CDT	TME-responsive capability and tumor ICD.	[34]
Cu2O@CaCO3@HA	Cu2+/Cu+	PTT/PDT/CDT/ immunotherapy	Hyperthermia and oxidative stress induced by acidic and H2S-overexpressed TME to reprogram macrophages and facilitate immunotherapy.	[81]
HSA-GOx-TPZ@ TA-FeIII	Fe3+/Fe2+	starvation therapy enhanced CDT/ chemotherapy	GOx-mediated H2O2 generation and hypoxia exacerbation, as well as TA-accelerated Fe3+/Fe2+conversion for cascade cancer therapy.	[82]
GOx-MnCaP-DOX	Mn2+	MRI-guided starvation therapy CDT/chemotherapy	Acidic-responsive NPs degradation, GOx-mediated glucose elimination and Mn2+-mediated Fenton-like reaction for cascade-enhanced anti-tumor therapy.	[83]
FeIII-TPPS@Bis (DPA-Zn)-RGD /SOD2 siRNA	Fe3+	FI/MRI-guided SDT/gene therapy/CDT	Enhanced ROS production via SOD2 downregulation, GSH depletion and Fenton reaction.	[84]
TCPP-FeIII@ DHA@CaCO3	Fe3+/Fe2+	Oncosis therapy /CDT/PDT	Acidic TME- and GSH-triggered DHA release, Ca2+ and Fe2+ supply, and TCPP activation for combinatorial therapy.	[85]
GOx@Cu2MoS4	Cu2+/Cu+Mo4+/ Mo6+	CDT/starvation therapy/PDT/PTT/ immunotherapy	GSH peroxidase mimicking activity to deplete GSH, and O2/H2O2 supply.	[86]
PtCu3-PEG	Cu2+/Cu+	FI/PAI/CT imaging-guided SDT/CDT	GSH peroxidase mimicking activity to deplete GSH, along with FI/PAI/CT imaging.	[87]
HMON-Au-Col@ Cu-TA-PVP	Cu2+/Cu+	FI/PET imaging-guided PDT/CDT	Au NPs catalysis-based H2O2 supply, along with PET imaging by 64Cu2+ labeling.	[55]