Changes of the volatile compounds in control, methyl jasmonate (MeJA), and melatonin (MT) samples on the day of harvesting and turning yellow^a.

Volatile compounds (μg kg−1)	RT (min)	RI		Fresh samples	Control	MeJA	MT
		LRI	RE
Methanethiol	1.44	—	444	0.28 ± 0.2c	0.12 ± 0.1d	0.55 ± 0.07b	1.52 ± 0.05a
Dimethyl disulfide	1.65	—	508	2.20 ± 0.6a	1.66 ± 0.4a	1.21 ± 0.09c	7.66 ± 0.4a
Trichloromethane	2.45	—	601	ND	ND	0.18 ± 0.04a	0.09 ± 0.03b
1-Penten-3-ol	2.76	—	677	ND	0.04 ± 0.01 ns	0.06 ± 0.02 ns	ND
2-Ethyl-furan	3.28	698	690	0.05 ± 0.02 ns	0.02 ± 0.01 ns	ND	ND
3-Pentanol	3.56	702	688	ND	ND	ND	0.05 ± 0.02 ns
3-Methyl-1-butanol	3.77	739	739	ND	ND	0.15 ± 0.03 ns	0.10 ± 0.05 ns
2-Methyl-butanoic acid	4.21	762	756	0.23 ± 0.01a	0.11 ± 0.02b	0.28 ± 0.04a	ND
Hydrogen sulfide	4.42	783	771	ND	ND	0.09 ± 0.01c	0.22 ± 0.01a
Hexanal	5.66	784	788	0.45 ± 0.01a	0.28 ± 0.09b	0.51 ± 0.2a	ND
Dimethyl sulfide	6.26	814	805	0.38 ± 0.04a	0.22 ± 0.01b	0.32 ± 0.3a	0.42 ± 0.2a
(E)-2-Hexenal	6.59	841	853	3.26 ± 0.2b	3.08 ± 0.3b	5.08 ± 0.6a	1.37 ± 0.4c
2-Hexenal	6.81	859	860	1.2 ± 0.3b	0.8 ± 0.4b	1.2 ± 0.2b	3.3 ± 0.16a
Cis-3-Hexen-1-ol	7.32	862	869	0.40 ± 0.01a	0.22 ± 0.1c	0.21 ± 0.06c	0.22 ± 0.07c
(Z)-2-Hexen-1-ol	7.54	874	868	ND	1.89 ± 0.24a	ND	0.45 ± 0.11c
1-Hexanol	7.82	876	860	0.31 ± 0.07b	0.25 ± 0.11b	ND	ND
Methoxy-phenyl-oxime	8.44	881	864	2.04 ± 0.5	1.88 ± 0.32b	1.26 ± 0.25b	2.75 ± 0.56a
Dimethyl trisulfide	9.26	973	972	0.09 ± 0.01 ns	0.07 ± 0.02 ns	ND	0.08 ± 0.02 ns
2-Methyl-3-octanone	11.41	986	984	1.21 ± 0.04a	1.24 ± 0.1a	1.44 ± 0.4a	1.66 ± 0.1a
Ethenyl hexanoate	11.32	991	974	0.11 ± 0.01 ns	0.06 ± 0.02 ns	ND	0.02 ± 0.01 ns
Ethanol	11.54	1002	982	1.9 ± 0.3d	5.6 ± 0.1a	6.5 ± 0.2a	3.5 ± 0.4c
(Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol acetate	11.87	1014	1010	2.12 ± 0.02 ns	2.08 ± 0.04 ns	2.11 ± 0.1 ns	ND
Ethyl acetate	12.46	1021	1008	ND	0.13 ± 0.02b	0.29 ± 0.04a	ND
(Z)-3-Hexen-1-ol propanoate	13.27	1108	1091	ND	ND	0.13 ± 0.04a	ND
Nonanal	14.32	1112	1105	0.18 ± 0.02a	0.13 ± 0.15b	0.11 ± 0.01b	0.15 ± 0.03a
Methyl disulfide	15.55	1134	1106	ND	ND	ND	0.05 ± 0.01 ns
Cis-3-hexenyl iso-butyrate	16.01	1151	1145	0.22 ± 0.01 ns	ND	ND	ND
1,2-Dimethoxy-benzene	16.47	1156	1126	ND	ND	ND	ND
Isothiocyanates	16.72	1162	1134	0.23 ± 0.04a	0.11 ± 0.02b	ND	0.31 ± 0.04a
Naphthalene	17.05	1189	1185	ND	0.02 ± 0.01 ns	ND	0.05 ± 0.02 ns
Butyl isothiocyanate	17.63	1221	1202	ND	0.03 ± 0.02b	ND	ND
N-Valeric acid cis-3-hexenyl ester	18.54	1246	1243	0.08 ± 0.03b	ND	0.22 ± 0.01a	ND
Tridecane	19.24	1282	1300	0.10 ± 0.03 ns	0.12 ± 0.04 ns	ND	ND
1-Tridecene	20.82	1299	1304	0.21 ± 0.02a	0.23 ± 0.06a	0.27 ± 0.03a	ND
2-Methylbutyl isothiocyanate	21.32	1372	1351	ND	0.16 ± 0.01b	0.31 ± 0.02a	0.26 ± 0.02a
Tetradecane	22.55	1409	1400	ND	0.03 ± 0.04 ns	0.08 ± 0.05 ns	0.05 ± 0.01 ns
Trans-β-ionone	24.26	1501	1489	ND	ND	0.12 ± 10.01a	0.02 ± 00.01b
Hexadecane	25.44	1612	1600	0.13 ± 0.01a	0.14 ± 0.02a	0.18 ± 0.01a	0.03 ± 0.01b
Heptadecane	26.87	1713	1702	0.1 ± 0.05a	0.12 ± 0.04a	0.15 ± 0.16a	0.18 ± 0.06a
Total content
Hydrocarbon				0.33 ns	0.41 ns	0.43 ns	0.35 ns
Alcohols				2.89b	8.12a	7.47a	5.79a
Esters				2.76a	2.41a	3.06a	0.59b
Sulfides				6.89b	5.98b	1.62c	8.43a
Acids				0.23a	0.11b	0.28a	ND
Others				8.24a	7.55a	3.6b	7.15a

^aRT and RI are the retention time and retention index of the volatile compounds, respectively. RE is the abbreviation for reference. The analyses were identified by comparison with the NIST 11 database. The symbol a, b, c, and d show significant differences according to the independent sample t-test (P < 0.05) for each volatile compound. ‘ns’ indicates no significant difference. ND indicates that the volatile compound was not detected. ‘—’ indicates that the retention time of this volatile compound is before the retention time of C6 n-alkanes.