Table 1.
Inclusion and exclusion criteria for apps in the current study.
| Inclusion criteria | Exclusion criteria | |
|---|---|---|
| Accessibility of the app | Available for download through the official Apple app store or Google Play app store, without a referral. Either available for free or at cost, which may or may not offer in-app purchases | Not publicly available (i.e., requires a referral from a healthcare provider to access) |
| Intended population for the app | Intended for use in the general adult population (18+) | Intended for use in a specific population (i.e., pregnant individuals or individuals in the perinatal period, veterans/ active service members, refugees) |
| Assessment offered within the app | Any app which offers a self-administered, question-and-answer based mental health assessment (i.e., a questionnaire, conversational agent) | An app which does not offer a self-administered question-and answer-based mental health assessment (e.g., Rorschach test or designed to be administered by a healthcare professional) |
| Mental health condition assessed in the app | Offers screening and/or diagnostic assessment for any of the following conditions/symptoms: Bipolar disorder (BD), Major depressive disorder (MDD), Obsessive compulsive disorder (OCD), Generalized anxiety disorder (GAD), Agoraphobia, Social phobia, Panic disorder, Insomnia, Schizophrenia, Psychosis, Eating disorders (e.g., bulimia nervosa, anorexia nervosa), Personality disorders, Alcohol abuse, Substance abuse, Post-traumatic stress disorder (PTSD), Acute stress disorder, Adjustment disorder, Autism spectrum disorders (ASDs), Attention hyperactivity deficit disorder (ADHD), Self-harm, Suicidal thoughts and/or suicidality risk | Offer screening and/or diagnostic assessment for: neuropsychiatric disorders (e.g., dementias), any disorders that are due to clinically confirmed temporary or permanent dysfunction of the brain, physical health disorder or measure (e.g., a heart rate monitor) OR The app does not exclusively screen for or diagnose a mental health condition (i.e., also screens for physical health conditions) |