Table 1.

Concentrations (mean ± SD) of serum fasting blood glucose (FBG), insulin, lipid profile, renal biochemical parameters, and calcium in the study groups at euthanasia (week-9 post treatment).

	NC group	PC group	Pcal Group	OM Group	P-OM group
FBG (mmol/L)*	4.6 ± 0.4	19.2 ± 2.8b	12.9 ± 2.4b,d	16.6 ± 1.9b,c	9.7 ± 2.8b,d,e,h
Insulin (μU/mL)*	28.9 ± 6.6	6.5 ± 1.7b	11.4 ± 3b,c	10.2 ± 3.5b,c	15.9 ± 4.1b,d
Total Cholesterol (mmol/L)**	1.62 ± 0.12	2.41 ± 0.13b	2.06 ± 0.15b,d	2.05 ± 0.17b,d	1.8 ± 0.08a,d,f,h
LDL (mmol/L)**	0.63 ± 0.09	1.75 ± 0.15b	1.31 ± 0.16b,d	1.37 ± 0.16b,d	0.99 ± 0.1b,d,e,h
HDL (mmol/L)**	0.88 ± 0.06	0.56 ± 0.05b	0.67 ± 0.06b,d	0.68 ± 0.08b,d	0.77 ± 0.04b,d,e,g
Triglycerides (mmol/L)**	0.81 ± 0.07	1.62 ± 0.1b	1.31 ± 0.1b,d	1.26 ± 0.06b,d	0.97 ± 0.07b,d,f,h
Total protein (g/dL)**	7.2 ± 1.1	4.8 ± 0.5b	5.2 ± 0.6b	4.8 ± 0.4b	6.4 ± 0.6d,f,h
Albumin (g/dL)**	4.3 ± 0.6	2.9 ± 0.3b	3.1 ± 0.3b	2.9 ± 0.2b	3.9 ± 0.4d.f.h
Creatinine (mg/dL)*	0.48 ± 0.06	1.1 ± 0.17b	0.73 ± .12b,d	0.72 ± 0.15b,d	0.46 ± 0.07d,f,h
Urea (mg/dL)**	35.8 ± 6.9	73.1 ± 11.9b	54.8 ± 7.1b,d	58.1 ± 7.1b,d	44.4 ± 7.2d,e,h
Creatinine clearance (mL/min)**	0.55 ± 0.12	0.28 ± 0.03b	0.36 ± 0.06b	0.37 ± 0.08b	0.51 ± 0.08d,e,g
Ca2+ (mg/dL)**	9.6 ± 0.4	9.3 ± 0.4	9.7 ± 0.5	9.6 ± 0.5	9.8 ± 0.4

* = Games-Howell post-hoc test was used following ANOVA to compare between the groups.

** = Tukey’s HSD post-hoc test was used following ANOVA to compare between the groups.

a = P < 0.05 compared with NC group b = P < 0.01 compared with NC group.

c = P < 0.05 compared with PC group d = P < 0.01 compared with PC group.

e = P < 0.05 compared with Pcal group f = P < 0.01 compared with Pcal group.

g = P < 0.05 compared with OM group h = P < 0.01 compared with OM group.