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. 2021 Nov 10;12(2):221–231. doi: 10.1016/j.jpha.2021.11.004

Fig. 1.

Fig. 1

Cellular and molecular mechanisms that are involved in driving drug resistance in breast cancer. ROS: reactive oxygen species; MDR: multidrug resistance; MAPK: mitogen-activated protein kinase; HIF: hypoxia inducible factor; IL: interleukin.