Fig. 7.

Baicalin-induced ROS and Ca2⁺ interactions induce apoptosis. Osteosarcoma cells were pretreated with BAPTA-AM or NAC for 1 h followed by treatment with baicalin for 48 h. (A) Fluo-4 AM fluorescence was used to assess the intercellular Ca²⁺ concentration using flow cytometry. (B) Flow cytometry was used to measure the content of ROS. (C) The CCK-8 assay was conducted to evaluate cell viability. (D) The apoptotic rate was evaluated by flow cytometry. *p < 0.05, **p < 0.01, ***p < 0.001 vs. control group. ^#p < 0.05, ^##p < 0.01, ^###p < 0.001 vs. the baicalin-treated group.