TABLE 1.
Characteristics of study sample
| All | D LCO ≥ 60% predicted | D LCO < 60% predicted | |||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N = 87 | N = 61 | N = 26 | p‐value | N | |
| Sociodemographic characteristics | |||||
| Age (years) | 60.0 [53.0;65.5] | 56.0 [50.0;63.0] | 63.5 [60.0;68.8] | 0.009 | 87 |
| Sex | 0.193 | 87 | |||
| Male | 60 (69.0%) | 39 (63.9%) | 21 (80.8%) | ||
| Female | 27 (31.0%) | 22 (36.1%) | 5 (19.2%) | ||
| BMI (kg/m2) | 29.2 [25.6;33.1] | 28.7 [25.8;33.2] | 29.2 [25.1;31.8] | 0.781 | 87 |
| Smoking history | 0.403 | 87 | |||
| Former | 45 (51.7%) | 29 (47.5%) | 16 (61.5%) | ||
| Non‐smoker | 36 (41.4%) | 28 (45.9%) | 8 (30.8%) | ||
| Current | 6 (6.90%) | 4 (6.56%) | 2 (7.69%) | ||
| Clinical characteristics | |||||
| Hypertension | 37 (42.5%) | 22 (36.1%) | 15 (57.7%) | 0.103 | 87 |
| Type II Diabetes Mellitus | 15 (17.2%) | 11 (18.0%) | 4 (15.4%) | 1.000 | 87 |
| Obesity | 36 (41.4%) | 25 (41.0%) | 11 (42.3%) | 1.000 | 87 |
| Cardiovascular disease | 7 (8.05%) | 3 (4.92%) | 4 (15.4%) | 0.190 | 87 |
| Chronic lung disease | 7 (8.05%) | 5 (8.20%) | 2 (7.69%) | 1.000 | 87 |
| Asthma | 7 (8.05%) | 5 (8.20%) | 2 (7.69%) | 1.000 | 87 |
| Chronic kidney disease | 1 (1.15%) | 1 (1.64%) | 0 (0.00%) | 1.000 | 87 |
| Chronic liver disease | 3 (3.45%) | 2 (3.28%) | 1 (3.85%) | 1.000 | 87 |
| Baseline characteristics in hospital admission | |||||
| Time since first symptoms to hospital admission (days) | 7.00 [5.00;8.00] | 7.00 [5.00;8.00] | 7.00 [7.00;8.00] | 0.022 | 87 |
| Oxygen saturation (%) | 92.0 [90.0;94.0] | 92.0 [90.0;95.0] | 92.0 [89.0;93.0] | 0.133 | 79 |
| FiO2 (%) | 28.0 [21.0;44.5] | 28.0 [21.0;44.0] | 24.5 [21.0;47.5] | 0.937 | 87 |
| PaO2 (mmHg) | 62.0 [50.8;73.2] | 64.0 [51.0;74.5] | 62.0 [49.0;72.0] | 0.716 | 80 |
| PaCO2 (mmHg) | 34.0 [31.0;38.0] | 33.5 [30.2;37.0] | 35.0 [31.0;39.0] | 0.200 | 79 |
| PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 229 [155;285] | 233 [156;271] | 214 [155;286] | 0.697 | 80 |
| Glucose (mg/dL) | 120 [108;146] | 119 [107;144] | 120 [109;147] | 0.559 | 87 |
| Creatinine (mg/dL) | 0.82 [0.70;0.96] | 0.81 [0.67;0.94] | 0.86 [0.73;0.99] | 0.393 | 87 |
| C‐reactive protein (mg/L) | 107 [65.3;172] | 107 [67.3;173] | 114 [28.6;165] | 0.445 | 84 |
| Leukocyte count (x109/L) | 6.24 [5.06;9.38] | 6.24 [5.05;9.06] | 6.26 [5.24;9.48] | 0.857 | 87 |
| Neutrophil count (x109/L) | 5.08 [3.72;7.56] | 5.08 [3.68;7.54] | 4.98 [3.93;7.41] | 0.893 | 87 |
| Lymphocyte count (x109/L) | 0.83 [0.64;1.08] | 0.86 [0.68;1.09] | 0.80 [0.57;1.03] | 0.266 | 87 |
| Monocyte count (x109/L) | 0.32 [0.23;0.47] | 0.31 [0.23;0.47] | 0.35 [0.21;0.60] | 0.806 | 87 |
| Platelet count (x109/L) | 193 [152;252] | 197 [161;251] | 178 [143;258] | 0.704 | 87 |
| Urea (mg/dL) | 33.0 [28.0;44.5] | 31.0 [26.0;41.0] | 40.0 [31.8;57.2] | 0.006 | 87 |
| Hospital stay | |||||
| Worst PaO2/FiO2 (mmHg) | 134 [94.5;188] | 134 [95.0;181] | 132 [95.2;189] | 1.000 | 87 |
| PaO2/FiO2 categories | 0.790 | 87 | |||
| PaO2/FiO2 201–300 mmHg | 20 (23.0%) | 15 (24.6%) | 5 (19.2%) | ||
| PaO2/FiO2 101–200 mmHg | 39 (44.8%) | 26 (42.6%) | 13 (50.0%) | ||
| PaO2/FiO2 ≤100 mmHg | 28 (32.2%) | 20 (32.8%) | 8 (30.8%) | ||
| Hospital stay (days) | 21.0 [12.5;35.5] | 18.0 [11.0;35.0] | 26.5 [14.0;36.2] | 0.288 | 87 |
| ICU admission | 75 (86.2%) | 53 (86.9%) | 22 (84.6%) | 0.746 | 87 |
| ICU stay (days) | 13.0 [5.00;25.5] | 13.0 [5.00;24.0] | 14.0 [6.25;30.0] | 0.474 | 75 |
| High‐flow nasal cannula | 47 (54.0%) | 34 (55.7%) | 13 (50.0%) | 0.798 | 87 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation | 43 (49.4%) | 29 (47.5%) | 14 (53.8%) | 0.761 | 87 |
| Invasive mechanical ventilation duration (days) | 17.0 [11.0;24.0] | 16.0 [11.0;21.0] | 18.0 [11.5;25.8] | 0.467 | 43 |
| Non‐invasive mechanical ventilation | 45 (51.7%) | 30 (49.2%) | 15 (57.7%) | 0.622 | 87 |
| Non‐invasive mechanical ventilation duration (days) | 2.50 [1.75;4.00] | 2.00 [1.00;4.00] | 3.00 [2.00;7.00] | 0.216 | 44 |
| Prone positioning | 41 (47.1%) | 26 (42.6%) | 15 (57.7%) | 0.292 | 87 |
| Prone positioning duration (hours) | 34.5 [19.2;62.8] | 40.0 [24.0;72.0] | 28.0 [8.50;47.0] | 0.124 | 40 |
| Antibiotics | 80 (92.0%) | 59 (96.7%) | 21 (80.8%) | 0.023 | 87 |
| Hydroxychloroquine | 66 (75.9%) | 47 (77.0%) | 19 (73.1%) | 0.902 | 87 |
| Tocilizumab | 34 (39.1%) | 25 (41.0%) | 9 (34.6%) | 0.751 | 87 |
| Corticoids | 66 (75.9%) | 46 (75.4%) | 20 (76.9%) | 1.000 | 87 |
| Remdesivir | 13 (14.9%) | 9 (14.8%) | 4 (15.4%) | 1.000 | 87 |
| Lopinavir/ritonavir | 64 (73.6%) | 45 (73.8%) | 19 (73.1%) | 1.000 | 87 |
| Corticoids at hospital discharge | 12 (14.6%) | 9 (15.5%) | 3 (12.5%) | 1.000 | 82 |
Abbreviations: BMI: body mass index; D LCO: carbon monoxide diffusing capacity; FiO2: fraction of inspired oxygen; ICU: intensive care unit; IMV: invasive mechanical ventilation; PaCO2: carbon dioxide partial pressure; PaO2: oxygen partial pressure; SaO2: arterial oxygen saturation.
a
Continuous variables are expressed as median [P25;P75].
b
Categorical variables are expressed as n (%).