Table 2. Mental Health and Substance Use Among Homeless and Nonhomeless Adolescents in the US, 2019.
| Outcomesa | Weighted estimates, % (95% CI) | Adjusted risk difference, % (95% CI)b | Adjusted risk ratio (95% CI)b | |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Homeless adolescents | Nonhomeless adolescents | |||
| Mental health | ||||
| Persistent sadness or hopelessnessc,d | 53.0 (44.9-61.0) | 37.2 (35.6-38.8) | 15.2 (8.9-21.5)e | 1.41 (1.26-1.57)e |
| Seriously considered suicided | 44.4 (32.6-56.8) | 19.2 (17.2-21.4) | 22.3 (14.8-29.9)e | 2.15 (1.88-2.45)e |
| Planned suicided | 41.8 (29.9-54.6) | 16.1 (14.0-18.3) | 21.7 (14.0-29.4)e | 2.34 (2.01-2.71)e |
| Attempted suicidef | 28.0 (24.2-32.2) | 8.0 (7.4-8.7) | 13.5 (8.6-18.4)e | 2.70 (2.14-3.40)e |
| Substance use | ||||
| Currentg | ||||
| Alcohol | 37.0 (30.0-44.7) | 24.1 (23.0-25.2) | 10.9 (4.5-17.2)e | 1.46 (1.21-1.76)e |
| Cigarette | 28.7 (25.6-32.0) | 5.3 (4.9-5.8) | 18.9 (16.0-21.8)e | 4.64 (4.12-5.24)e |
| e-Cigarette | 45.2 (40.2-50.4) | 22.6 (21.1-24.2) | 21.2 (15.8-26.5)e | 1.93(1.68-2.21)e |
| Marijuana | 31.6 (23.6-40.9) | 18.4 (17.2-19.7) | 11.1 (2.7-19.4)h | 1.60 (1.20-2.12)h |
| Binge drinkingi | 21.4 (16.9-26.7) | 10.3 (9.6-11.1) | 10.4 (7.0-13.8)e | 2.04 (1.74-2.40)e |
| Lifetimej | ||||
| Cocaine | 32.2 (28.7-36.0) | 2.9 (2.6-3.2) | 18.8 (15.9-21.6)e | 8.17 (6.94-9.62)e |
| Methamphetamine | 36.0 (27.2-45.8) | 3.0 (1.6-5.5) | 19.3 (15.3-23.3)e | 7.05 (3.86-12.85)e |
| Heroin | 28.0 (24.8-31.5) | 1.3 (1.1-1.5) | 13.8 (11.2-16.4)e | 13.14 (10.16-17.00)e |
| Ecstasy | 32.9 (27.7-38.4) | 3.6 (2.6-4.9) | 17.3 (13.6-21.0)e | 5.81 (3.89-8.66)e |
| Injection drug | 28.1 (22.8-34.1) | 2.4 (1.4-4.2) | 14.6 (10.6-18.7)e | 6.65 (3.49-12.69)e |
| Prescription opioid misuse | 31.3 (24.7-38.8) | 12.9 (11.8-14.1) | 14.8 (7.4-22.2)e | 2.18 (1.65-2.87)e |
Missingness did not exceed 10% for any outcome. Missing data were deleted listwise on analytic variables.
Multivariable logistic regression models controlled for age (≤12, 13, 14, 15, 16, 17, or ≥18 years), sex (female or male), race and ethnicity (African American or Black, American Indian or Alaska Native, Asian, Hispanic, Native Hawaiian or Other Pacific Islander, White, or multiple races [non-Hispanic]), sexual orientation (heterosexual, gay or lesbian, bisexual, or not sure), and state of residence.
Felt so sad or hopeless almost every day for 2 weeks or more in a row that the participant stopped doing some usual activities.
During the 12 months before the survey.
P≤.001.
One or more times during the 12 months before the survey.
Used 1 or more times during the 30 days before the survey.
P = .01.
Had 5 or more drinks (male) or 4 or more drinks (female) in a row within a couple of hours 1 or more times during the 30 days before the survey.
Used 1 or more times during lifetime.