TABLE 1.
Current findings of gut microbial characteristics for cirrhosis-hepatocellular carcinoma patients.
| Phylum | Family | Genus | Species |
| Firmicutes | Staphylococcaceae | Staphylococcus↑ | |
| Enterococcaceae↑ | Vagococcus↑ | ||
| Enterococcus↑ | Enterococcus faecalis↑ | ||
| Lactobacillaceae | Lactobacillus↓ | ||
| Streptococcaceae↑ | Streptococcus↑ | Streptococcus anginosus↑, Streptococcus vestibularis↑, Streptococcus oralis↑ | |
| Clostridiaceae | Clostridium↑ | Clostridium perfringens↑, Clostridium cluster XI↑, Clostridium XIVa↑ | |
| Lachnospiraceae↓ | Coprococcus↓ | Coprococcus comes↓, Coprococcus spp.↓ | |
| Blautia↓, Dorea↑, Anaerostipes↓ | |||
| Ruminococcaceae↓ | Ruminococcus↓ | Faecalibacterium prausnitzii↓ | |
| Eubacterium↓ | |||
| Oscillospiraceae↓ | |||
| Veillonellaceae↑ | Veillonella↑ | Veillonella atypica↑, Veillonella dispar↑, Veillonella sp.↑, Veillonella parvula↑ | |
| Bacteroidetes | Bacteroidaceae↑/↓ | Bacteroides↓ | |
| Porphyromonadaceae↓ | |||
| Prevotellaceae↑/↓ | Prevotella↑/↓ | ||
| Proteobacteria↑ | Enterobacteriaceae ↑ | Escherichia↑, Klebsiella↑, Enterobacter↑ | |
| Pseudomonadaceae↑ | pseudomonadales↑ | ||
| Campylobacteraceae | Campylobacter | Campylobacter sp.↑ | |
| Pasteurellaceae↑ | Haemophilus parainfluenzae↑, Aggregatibacter segnis↑ | ||
| Desulfobacteraceae | Desulfococcus↑ | ||
| Actinobacteria | Atopobiaceae↑ | ||
| Bifidobacteriaceae↓ | Bifidobacterium↓ | ||
| Fusobacteria | Fusobacteriaceae↑ | Fusobacterium nucleatum↑, Cetobacterium↓ | |
| Verrucomicrobia | Akkermansia muciniphila↓ |
↑/↓ indicated that different studies obtained conflicting results (Chen et al., 2011; Bajaj et al., 2014, 2015b; Qin et al., 2014; Arab et al., 2018; Ni et al., 2019; Ren et al., 2019; Albillos et al., 2020; Huang et al., 2020; Jiang et al., 2020; Lapidot et al., 2020; Trebicka et al., 2021).