Figure 3.

Examples of neurodegenerative disease-on-a-chip: (a) a fully iPSC-derived NVU-on-a-chip, iPSCs were obtained from HD patients or healthy subjects to study BBB permeability to different drugs: FITC-dextran, fluorescent glucose analog 2-NBDG, retigabine, levetiracetam, and colchicine, (b) Xona Microfluidics devices were seeded with iPSC-derived neurons in the somal compartment; once the axons grew into the microgrooves and reached the axonal compartment, labeled Tau monomers or oligomers were added to the somal compartment to study cellular uptake and axonal transport, (c) the human nigrostriatal pathway on-a-chip, midbrain dopaminergic neurons (DANs), and striatal medium spiny neurons (MSNs) were derived from PD patients carrying OPA1 mutation iPSCs to study mitochondrial and synaptic impairment, (d) a microfluidic device used to study the protective and anti-aggregation properties of the molecular tweezer CLR01 on α-synuclein uptake and transport by iPSC-derived dopaminergic neurons. Created with BioRender.com.

Source: Adapted with permission from Vatine et al. ¹²⁵ in Cell Stem Cell., Usenovic et al. ¹³² in J. Neurosci., Iannelli et al. ¹³⁵ in Cell Rep., Bengoa-Vergniory et al. ¹³¹ in Nat. Commun.

iPSCs: induced pluripotent stem cells; NVU: neurovascular unit; HD: Huntington’s disease; BBB: blood-brain-barrier; FITC: Fluorescein isothiocyanate.