. 2022 Apr 27;13:843928. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.843928

Table 1.

SARS-CoV-2 vaccine candidates in clinical phase III and IV.

Vaccine Type	Vaccine Name	Country/Organization	Targets	Phase	Safety	Efficacy	Reference
Inactivated virus	Inactivated sars-cov-2 vaccine (vero cell)	China	Whole inactivated SARS-CoV-2 with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant	Phase III	Serious adverse events were rare.	Treatment of adults with the inactivated SARS-CoV-2 vaccines significantly reduced the risk of symptomatic COVID-19.	(59–71)
				ChiCTR2000034780
				ChiCTR2000039000
				NCT04510207
				NCT04612972
				NCT04659239
				NCT04852705
				PER-051-20
				Phase IV		Protection against VOCs is weakened.
				ChiCTR2100043907
				ChiCTR2100046174
				ChiCTR2100046227
				ChiCTR2100050589
				NCT05065892
				NCT05065879
Inactivated virus	Coronavac	China	Whole inactivated SARS-CoV-2 with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant	Phase III	Immunization with Coronavac in a 0-14 schedule in adults is safe, induces anti-S1-RBD IgG with neutralizing capacity, activates T cells, and promotes the secretion of IFN-γ upon stimulation with SARS-CoV-2 antigens.	The vaccine exhibited a over 60% efficacy on average at preventing COVID-19 illness with favorable safety and immunogenicity profiles.	(72–88)
				NCT04456595
				NCT04582344
				NCT04651790
				NCT04942405
				Phase IV
				NCT04747821
				NCT04756830
				NCT04775069
				NCT04789356
				NCT04911790		Protection against VOCs is weakened and further immunization is needed.
				NCT04953325
				NCT04962308
				RBR-9ksh5f4
				TCTR20210308003
				NCT04801667
Inactivated virus	Covaxin	India	Whole inactivated SARS-CoV-2 with Algel-IMDG adjuvant	Phase III	Vaccination was well tolerated with no safety concerns raised.	A protective effect of 77.8% against symptomatic COVID-19. Effectively protect against VOCs.	(89–95)
				NCT04641481
				Phase IV
				CTRI/2021/08/035648
Inactivated virus	Bbibp-corv	China	Whole Inactivated SARS-CoV-2	Phase III	BBIBP-CorV is tolerable and immunogenic in healthy people.	More than 75% of the vaccinators had seroconversion after the first vaccination.	(60, 63, 96–106)
				NCT04560881 NCT04917523 NCT04984408 TCTR20210923013
				Phase IV
				NCT04863638 TCTR20210910002 NCT05079152 NCT05105295 NCT05104216
Inactivated virus	QazCovid-in	Kazakhstan	Whole Inactivated SARS-CoV-2	Phase III NCT04691908	High safety and potency.	Preliminary results of studies demonstrate efficacy of the vaccine at 96%.	(107, 108)
Inactivated virus	VLA2001	Cooperation between France and Britain	Whole inactivated SARS-CoV-2 with high S-protein density, in combination with two adjuvants, alum and CpG 1018	Phase III NCT04864561 NCT04956224	Not reported.	Not reported.	(109, 110)
RNA based vaccines	BNT162b2	Germany	Full-length S protein with proline substitutions	Phase III	High safety.	It was well tolerated and could induce neutralizing antibodies.	(111–122)
				NCT04713553 NCT04754594 NCT04800133 NCT04816669 NCT04955626
				Phase IV		Better protection for VOCs.
				NCT04852861 NCT04951323		Better protection for VOCs.
RNA based vaccines	mRNA-1273	America	Full-length S-2P protein	Phase III	No safety concerns were identified.	The vaccine showed 94.1% efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2.	(42, 112, 123–133)
				NCT04470427 NCT04805125 NCT04806113 NCT04811664 NCT04860297		The vaccine showed 94.1% efficacy in preventing SARS-CoV-2.
				Phase IV		Better protection for VOCs.
				NCT04885907 NCT04952402		Better protection for VOCs.
RNA based vaccines	CVnCoV	Germany	Full-length S-2P protein	Phase III	Two doses of vaccine were safe.	The vaccine could effectively induce immune response.	(134–139)
				NCT04674189 NCT04838847 NCT04860258		The vaccine could effectively induce immune response.
				NCT04674189 NCT04838847 NCT04860258		CVnCoV exists immune escape for VOCs.
RNA based vaccines	ARCoV	China	Encoding the RBD of S protein	Phase III	Not reported.	Not reported.	(140, 141)
RNA based vaccines	ARCoV	China	Encoding the RBD of S protein	NCT04847102	Not reported.	Not reported.	(140, 141)
DNA based vaccines	ZyCov-D	India	S protein	Phase III CTRI/2021/01/03041-6	Not reported.	The vaccine has 66.6% efficacy from Clinical trials.	(142–144)
DNA based vaccines	Electroporation+ino-4800	America	S1 and S2 subunits	Phase III PACTR20211062694-4896	The vaccine showed excellent safety and tolerability.	The vaccine induced a protective immune response.	(145–147)
Recombinant protein vaccines	Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CHO Cell) (ZF2001)	China	RBD-Dimer with alum adjuvant	Phase III	Not reported.	Have good tolerance and immunogenicityand be effective effect on neutralization of VOCs.	(148–154)
Recombinant protein vaccines	Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (CHO Cell) (ZF2001)	China	RBD-Dimer with alum adjuvant	ChiCTR2000040153 NCT04646590 NCT05091411 ChiCTR2100050849	Not reported.		(148–154)
Recombinant protein vaccines	Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Sf9 Cell)	China	RBD with alum adjuvant	Phase III	Not reported.	Not reported.	(155, 156)
Recombinant protein vaccines	Recombinant SARS-CoV-2 vaccine (Sf9 Cell)	China	RBD with alum adjuvant	NCT04887207 NCT04904471 PACTR20210384538-1761	Not reported.	Not reported.	(155, 156)
Recombinant protein vaccines	NVX-CoV2373	America	S protein with Matrix-M adjuvant	Phase III	High safety.	The overall effectiveness of the vaccine is more than 80%.	(41, 157–160)
Recombinant protein vaccines	NVX-CoV2373	America	S protein with Matrix-M adjuvant	NCT04583995 NCT04611802	High safety.	The overall effectiveness of the vaccine is more than 80%.	(41, 157–160)
Recombinant protein vaccines	Nanocovax	Vietnam	Recombinant S protein with alum adjuvant	Phase III	Not reported.	Not reported.	(161)
Recombinant protein vaccines	Nanocovax	Vietnam	Recombinant S protein with alum adjuvant	NCT04922788	Not reported.	Not reported.	(161)
Recombinant protein vaccines	MVC-COV1901	America	Recombinant S protein with CpG 1018 and alum adjuvants	Phase III	MVC-COV1901 has a good safety profile.	The vaccine could elicit promising immunogenicity responses.	(162–165)
				NCT05011526
				Phase IV
				NCT05097053
Recombinant protein vaccines	EpiVacCorona	Russia	Peptide antigens of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with alum adjuvant	Phase III	Not reported.	Not reported.	(166)
Recombinant protein vaccines	EpiVacCorona	Russia	Peptide antigens of SARS-CoV-2 proteins with alum adjuvant	NCT04780035	Not reported.	Not reported.	(166)
Recombinant protein vaccines	CIGB-66 (RBD/aluminium hydroxide)	ICGEB	RBD with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant	Phase III	High safety.	High efficiency.	(167)
Recombinant protein vaccines	CIGB-66 (RBD/aluminium hydroxide)	ICGEB	RBD with aluminum hydroxide adjuvant	RPCEC00000359	High safety.	High efficiency.	(167)
Recombinant protein vaccines	Razi Cov Pars	Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute	Recombinant S protein	Phase III	Not reported.	Not reported.	(168)
Recombinant protein vaccines	Razi Cov Pars	Razi Vaccine and Serum Research Institute	Recombinant S protein	IRCT2020121404970-9N3	Not reported.	Not reported.	(168)
Recombinant protein vaccines	FINLAY-FR-2 anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine	Instituto Finlay de Vacunas	RBD with adjuvant	Phase III	Not reported.	Not reported.	(169, 170)
Recombinant protein vaccines	FINLAY-FR-2 anti-SARS-CoV-2 Vaccine	Instituto Finlay de Vacunas	RBD with adjuvant	RPCEC00000354 IRCT2021030305055-8N1	Not reported.	Not reported.	(169, 170)
Virus vector vaccines	ChAdOx1 nCoV-19	Britain	Chimpanzee adenovirusvectored vaccine (ChAdOx1) expressing S protein	Phase III	ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 has an acceptable safety profile.	ChAdOx1 nCoV-19 is efficacious against symptomatic COVID-19.	(171–179)
				ISRCTN89951424 NCT04516746 NCT04536051 NCT04540393
				Phase IV
				NCT04760132
Virus vector vaccines	Ad5-ncov	China	Recombinant replicationdefective human type 5 adenovirus (Ad5) expressing S protein	Phase III	High safety.	Ad5-nCoV was well tolerated and could elicit neutralizing antibody responses.	(180–187)
				ChiCTR2100044249NCT04526990 NCT04540419
				Phase IV
				NCT04892459 NCT04952727
Virus vector vaccines	Ad26.COV2.S	America	Recombinant replication-incompetent adenovirus serotype 26 (Ad26) vector encoding full-length S protein	Phase III	High safety.	The vaccine protected against symptomatic Covid-19 and asymptomatic SARS-CoV-2 infection.	(44, 45, 188–193)
				NCT04505722 NCT04614948 NCT04838795 NCT05028257
				Phase IV
				NCT05030974
Virus vector vaccines	Gam-COVID-Vac	Russia	Recombinant Ad26 and recombinant Ad5 encoding full-length S protein	Phase III	High safety.	Well tolerated 91.6% efficacy against COVID-19.	(194–201)
Virus vector vaccines	Gam-COVID-Vac	Russia		NCT04530396 NCT04564716 NCT04642339 NCT04656613	High safety.	Well tolerated 91.6% efficacy against COVID-19.	(194–201)
Virus vector vaccines	Sputnik light vaccine	Russia	Recombinant Ad26 vector carrying the gene for SARS-CoV-2 S glycoprotein	Phase III	Sputnik light vaccine has a good safety profile.	Strong humoral and cellular immune responses both in seronegative and seropositive participants.	(202–204)
Virus vector vaccines	Sputnik light vaccine	Russia		NCT04741061 PACTR20210460157-2565	Sputnik light vaccine has a good safety profile.		(202–204)