Table 3.
Odds ratio of currently married female adolescents using contraceptives in selected south Asian countries by various background characteristics, DHS
| Background characteristics | India | Bangladesh | Pakistan | Nepal |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | ||||
| 15–19® | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 20–24 | 1.03 (0.89, 1.19) | 0.69* (0.6, 0.8) | 1.01 (0.63, 1.61) | 0.96 (0.72, 1.27) |
| Place of residence | ||||
| Urban® | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Rural | 1 (0.9, 1.11) | 0.69* (0.6, 0.79) | 0.82 (0.6, 1.12) | 0.81 (0.65, 1.01) |
| Education | ||||
| No education® | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Primary | 1.29* (1.17, 1.6) | 1.16 (0.9, 1.49) | 1.75* (1.15, 2.65) | 1.21 (0.82, 1.76) |
| Secondary | 1.30* (1.14, 1.48) | 1.25 (0.97, 1.6) | 2.3* (1.54, 3.43) | 1.40 (0.98, 2) |
| Higher | 1.37* (1.06, 1.57) | 1.85* (1.36, 2.51) | 1.86* (1.08, 3.2) | 1.42 (0.92, 2.2) |
| Religion | ||||
| Hindu® | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 |
| Muslim | 0.54* (0.43, 0.68) | 0.93 (0.74, 1.17) | NA | 0.31* (0.16, 0.62) |
| Others | 0.98 (0.87, 1.09) | 0.79 (0.35, 1.77) | NA | 1.42 (1, 2.01) |
| Wealth index | ||||
| Poorest® | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Poorer | 1.32* (1.14, 1.52) | 1.07 (0.88, 1.3) | 0.97 (0.57, 1.68) | 1.25 (0.92, 1.69) |
| Middle | 1.54* (1.33, 1.79) | 1 (0.81, 1.23) | 1.09 (0.63, 1.89) | 1.23 (0.9, 1.69) |
| Richer | 1.79* (1.52, 2.11) | 0.97 (0.78, 1.2) | 1.06 (0.59, 1.9) | 1.16 (0.82, 1.62) |
| Richest | 2.41* (2, 2.9) | 0.85 (0.67, 1.08) | 1.05 (0.55, 2.03) | 1.54* (1.02, 2.34) |
| Working status | ||||
| No® | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.24* (1.09, 1.41) | 1.63* (1.39, 1.9) | 0.87 (0.54, 1.4) | 1.36* (1.1, 1.68) |
| Age at first sex (years) | ||||
| ≥ 14® | 1 | 1 | NA | 1 |
| 15–17 | 0.73* (0.61, 0.86) | 0.91 (0.78, 1.05) | NA | 0.68* (0.49, 0.95) |
| ≤ 18 | 0.62* (0.52, 0.73) | 0.9 (0.75, 1.09) | NA | 0.85 (0.58, 1.25) |
| No. of living children | ||||
| 0® | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| 1 | 4.05* (3.54, 4.63) | 5.24* (4.47, 6.15) | 40.63* (12.77, 129.25) | 3.53* (2.62, 4.76) |
| 2 | 10.27* (8.84, 11.92) | 8.07* (6.48, 10.06) | 66.77* (20.73, 215.09) | 6.68* (4.6, 9.69) |
| 3 and above | 12.03* (9.7, 14.91) | 4.9* (3.38, 7.1) | 98.11* (29.53, 325.95) | 12.08* (6.93, 21.06) |
| Media exposure | ||||
| No® | 1 | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | 1.66* (1.45, 1.89) | 1.24* (1.07, 1.45) | 1.68* (1.1, 2.55) | 1.68* (1.2, 2.37) |
| Visited by FP worker | ||||
| No® | NA | 1 | 1 | 1 |
| Yes | NA | 1.26* (1.09, 1.47) | 1.33* (1, 1.78) | 1.26* (1.02, 1.55) |
DHS = Demographic Health Survey; NA = Not Available; FP = Family Planning
*Significant (p < 0.05)
®Reference category