Table 1.
Baseline characteristics of the study sample
| Variable | Without CVD (N = 3954) | With CVD (N = 290) | P value |
|---|---|---|---|
| Age (years) | 55.85 (± 10.10) | 61.85 (± 9.26) | < 0.001 |
| Male [n (%)] | 1945 (50.8%) | 163 (56.2%) | 0.021 |
| Current smoking [n (%)] | 1406 (35.6%) | 118 (40.8%) | 0.090 |
| Current drinking [n (%)] | 1065 (26.9%) | 87 (30.0%) | 0.287 |
| Body Mass Index (kg/m2) | 25.55 (± 3.58) | 25.79 (± 3.54) | 0.268 |
| Waist circumference (cm) | 84.39 (± 9.52) | 85.80 (± 10.49) | 0.016 |
| Waist-to-hip ratio | 0.87 (± 0.07) | 0.89 (± 0.10) | < 0.001 |
| Waist-to-height ratio | 0.53 (± 0.06) | 0.54 (± 0.06) | 0.001 |
| SBP (mmHg) | 157.90 (± 18.18) | 168. 47 (± 23.21) | < 0.001 |
| DBP (mmHg) | 88.69 (± 10.78) | 91.47 (± 14.12) | 0.001 |
| TC (mmol/L) | 5.40 (± 1.09) | 5.55 (± 1.11) | 0.023 |
| LDL-C (mmol/L) | 3.08 (± 0.85) | 3.22 (± 0.91) | 0.017 |
| HDL-C (mmol/L) | 1.45 (± 0.41) | 1.45 (± 0.45) | 0.909 |
| Triglyceride (mmol/L) | 1.76 (± 1.65) | 1.77 (± 1.53) | 0.978 |
| Diabetes [n (%)] | 192 (4.9%) | 19 (6.6%) | 0.253 |
Date are presented as mean ± standard deviation, or n (%), as appropriate
SBP, systolic blood pressure; DBP, diastolic blood pressure; TC, total cholesterol; LDL-C, low-density lipoprotein cholesterol; HDL-C, high-density lipoprotein cholesterol; CVD, cardiovascular disease