Table 1.

Patient demographics

	Cage protrusion (−)	Cage protrusion (+)	P value
Patients	108 (95.6%)	5 (4.4%)
Age	72.2 ± 9.9	56.6 ± 7.6	0.004**
BMI	22.7 ± 2.7	23.9 ± 1.3	0.085
Smoking history	33 (30.6%)	3 (60.0%)	0.167
Male/female	28/80(25.9%)	4/1 (80.0%)	0.006**
L5/S (%)	51/57 (44.4%)	5/0 (100%)	0.021*
MI-TLIF/PLIF	78/30(72.2%)	5/0(100%)	0.168

*P < 0.05, **P < 0.01