Table 1.
Randomized Controlled Trials of Suicidal Behavior Prevention Interventions
| Intervention | Studies (N) | Intervention superior to control | Intervention not superior to control | Scalability (Yes, No**) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| N | % | N | % | |||
| General Practitioner Education* | 12 | 10 | 83% | 2 | 17% | Yes |
| Education for Youth Suicidal Behavior (Targeting Youth for Training/Education) | 3 | 3 | 100% | 0 | 0% | Yes |
| Education for Youth Suicidal Behavior Prevention (Targeting Adults for Training/Education) | 6 | 1 | 17% | 5 | 83% | Yes |
| Pharmacotherapy | 17 | 4 | 24% | 13 | 76% | Yes |
| Psychotherapy (CBT, DBT) | 18 | 9 | 50% | 9 | 50% | Yes (CBT) |
| Medication and Psychotherapy | 3 | 1 | 33% | 2 | 67% | NA |
| Group Psychotherapy | 2 | 1 | 50% | 1 | 50% | NA |
| Contact and/or Active Outreach | 10 | 7 | 70% | 3 | 30% | Yes |
| Brain Stimulation | 2 | 0 | 0% | 2 | 100% | NA |
| Collaborative Care | 1 | 1 | 100% | 0 | 0% | NA |
| Firearms Restriction*** | 49 | 48 | 98% | 1 | 2% | Yes |
| Internet Based | 3 | 0 | 0% | 3 | 100% | NA |
Note: Studies were only included if suicide attempts, events or self-injury were outcome measures and not solely suicidal ideation.
*
Contains 2 RTCs and 10 quasi-experimental studies.
**
Scalability was only assessed when findings of efficacy have been replicated.
***
Contains quasi-experimental and ecological studies