Table 3. Regression Weights for the Cross-lagged Model of Perceived Social Support (PSS) and Post-traumatic Stress Disorder Symptoms (PTSD) Over Time.
Figure 2 Model | |||||
Standard All | Estimate | Standard Error | z Value | p Value | |
PSS T1 → PSS T2 | 0.78 | 0.84 | 0.07 | 12.7 | <.001*** |
PSS T1 → PSS T3 | 0.37 | 0.53 | 0.24 | 2.3 | .024** |
PSS T1 → PSS T4 | 0.32 | 0.60 | 0.31 | 1.9 | .054* |
PSS T1 → PTSD T2 | −0.11 | −0.33 | 0.16 | −2.1 | .035** |
PTSD T1 → PTSD T2 | 0.79 | 0.76 | 0.07 | 11.6 | <.001*** |
PTSD T1 → PSS T2 | −0.07 | −0.02 | 0.02 | −1.3 | .188 |
PSS T2 → PSS T3 | 0.34 | 0.46 | 0.25 | 1.8 | .071* |
PSS T2 → PTSD T3 | −0.18 | −0.51 | 0.25 | −2.05 | .041** |
PTSD T2 → PTSD T3 | 0.66 | 0.72 | 0.09 | 7.9 | <.001*** |
PTSD T2 → PSS T3 | −0.12 | −0.06 | 0.07 | −0.9 | .352 |
PSS T3 → PSS T4 | 0.27 | 0.34 | 0.43 | 0.8 | .424 |
PSS T3 → PTSD T4 | −0.24 | −0.47 | 0.17 | −2.7 | .006** |
PTSD T3 → PTSD T4 | 0.75 | 0.69 | 0.08 | 8.6 | <.001*** |
PTSD T3 → PSS T4 | −0.20 | −0.12 | 0.12 | −1.0 | .311 |
Note. Standardized regression weights in the cross-lagged model presented in Figure 2. PSS = Perceived social support as measured by the Social Provisions scale (SPS); PTSD = Post-traumatic stress disorder symptoms as measured by the Impact of Event Scale-22 (IES-22); T1 = within 4 months after the assault, T2 = 3 months after T1, T3 = 12 months after T1, T4 = 8 years after T1. *p < .10. **p < .05. ***p < .001.