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. 2022 Apr 27;13:869676. doi: 10.3389/fimmu.2022.869676

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Copyright © 2022 Engelsen, Lotsberg, Abou Khouzam, Thiery, Lorens, Chouaib and Terry

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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GA6/AXL structure and downstream signaling pathways. Ligand binding of the AXL receptor tyrosine kinase promotes autophosphorylation and activates various downstream signaling pathways in a cell- and context-dependent matter, including, but not restricted to p38, NF-kB, PI3K/AKT/mTOR, RAF/MEK/ERK, JAK/STAT/SOCS1/3, SRC/FAK, TWIST, SNAIL and SLUG signaling pathways. These pathways will lead to multiple phenotypes, including proliferation, survival, migration, plasticity, and immune suppression. Ligand-independent mechanisms of AXL activation have been proposed but are not detailed here.