Table 2.
Chemical reactions catalyzed by GEMMs and their kinetic parameters.
| GEMM | Chemical reaction | Km (μM) | kcat (s−1) | Physiological concentration of metabolites |
|---|---|---|---|---|
| LbNOX 27 | 2NADH + 2H+ + O2 → 2NAD+ + 2H2O | 70 (NADH) | 650 | 1–200 μM (NADH)61–63 100–400 μM (NAD+3)61–63 |
| TPNOX 28 | 2NADPH + 2H+ + O2 → 2NADP+ + 2H2O | 24 (NADPH) | 310 | 3–200 μM (NADPH)21,61 5–70 μM (NADP+)21,61 |
| LOXCAT 29 | 2Lactate + 2H+ + O2 → 2Pyruvate + 2H2O | 570 (Lactate) | 340 | 1–10 mM (Lactate)83,84 200–400 uM (Pyruvate)97,98 |
| DAAO 99 | D-alanine + H2O + O2 → pyruvate + NH4+ + H2O2 | 1.0 (Alanine) | 80 | 1–700 nM (H2O2)76,77 |
| NDM 100 | NADH + H+ + CoQ → NAD+ + CoQH2 | 9.4 (NADH) | 80 | 1–200 uM (NADH)61–63 ∼100–400 uM (NAD+)61–63 |
| AOX 40 | 2CoQH2 + O2 → 2CoQ + 2H2O | 340 (CoQH2) | 410 | ND |
|
MitoChR2
31
ABCB-ChR2 32 mtOFF |
H+mito matrix + hγ → H+mito intermembrane space | ND | ND | ΔΨm ∼ 150–220mV |
|
mtON
33
mito-dR 34 |
H+mito intermembrane space + hγ → H+mito matrix | ND | ND | pH ∼7.4 cyto pH ∼ 7.8 mito ΔΨm ∼ 150–220mV |
| miniSOG 37 | O2 + hγ → 1O2 (singlet oxygen) | ND | ND | << 1pM |
| Killer Red 35 | O2 + hγ → O2•−(superoxide) | ND | ND | 1–100pM |
*
Values are rounded to two significant digits and one significant digit for physiological range.