Table 4.
Unadjusted and adjusteda means of physical performance and muscle strength measures and self-rated health in participants younger than 65 and 65 and older according to vitamin D status.
| Unadjusted |
Adjusteda |
|||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Normal vitamin D (n = 452) | Vitamin D deficiency (n = 229) | p | Normal vitamin D (n = 452) | Vitamin D deficiency (n = 229) | p | |||
| Physical performance measures | ||||||||
| < 65 years | ||||||||
| Six-minute walking test (m) | 567.7 (3.90) | 542.5 (7.5) | < 0.001 | 563.0 (4.28) | 549.3 (6.53) | 0.05 | ||
| One-minute chair stand test (no. of repetitions) | 28.1 (0.45) | 25.6 (0.77) | 0.05 | 27.8 (0.48) | 26.6 (0.71) | 0.10 | ||
| ≥ 65 years | ||||||||
| Six-minute walking test (m) | 475.0 (10.7) | 421.9 (16.5) | < 0.01 | 470.6 (12.2) | 422.8 (16.7) | 0.02 | ||
| One-minute chair stand test (no. of repetitions) | 21.7 (1.16) | 19.5 (1.51) | 0.21 | 20.9 (1.32) | 19.9 (1.59) | 0.66 | ||
| Handgrip strength (kg) | ||||||||
| < 65 years | 29.6 (0.67) | 30.5 (0.99) | 0.48 | 29.7 (0.64) | 30.4 (1.01) | 0.53 | ||
| ≥ 65 years | 24.9 (0.93) | 24.2 (1.28) | 0.64 | 24.9 (1.04) | 23.7 (1.30) | 0.51 | ||
| Self-rated health (VAS) | ||||||||
| < 65 years | 70.7 (1.02) | 70.1 (1.39) | 0.70 | 71.3 (0.99) | 69.9 (1.50) | 0.46 | ||
| ≥ 65 years | 68.8 (1.68) | 67.9 (2.03) | 0.75 | 67.7 (1.78) | 68.2 (2.21) | 0.89 | ||
a
Adjusted for sex, education, physical activity, hypertension, chronic obstructive pulmonary disease, diabetes, renal failure, body mass index, albumin, C-reactive protein, and acute COVID-19 severity. VAS: visual analog scale.