ROS production, cellular targets, and dark- and photo-toxicity data for selected Ru, Ir and Pt photosensitizers^a.

Complex	Metal center	λ ir [nm]	Dose [J cm−2]	ROS/ΦΔ	IC50 [μM]		PI	Cell line	Cellular target	Cell death	Ref.
					Dark	Light
Photofrin	—	630	25	—	—	∼1.15	—	ISOS-1	—	Apo	83
	—	635	80	—	>574	57.4	>10	HepG2	Mito	Apo	84
5	Ru	625	100	1O2	123	9.96	12	SKME28	Nuc	—	21
					143	126	1.1	HL60
6	Ru	635	1.8	1O2, 0.033, ˙OH	—	—	—	HeLa	—	—	22
7	Ru	635	1.8	1O2, 0.058, ˙OH	—	—	—	HeLa	—	—	22
9	Ru	595	11.2	1O2, 0.92	>100	2.4	>41.7	CT-26	Cyto	Apo	24
12	Ru	450	18	1O2, 0.92	75.46	5.21	14.48	HeLa (MCTs)	Mito	Apo	25
		810	800		108.56	5.71	19
13	Ru	450	18	1O2, 0.4	76.71	5.01	15.31	HeLa (MCTs)	Mito	Apo	25
					110.36	5.45	20
14	Ru	400–800	18	1O2, 0.14	—	—	—	HeLa	—	Apo	29
15	Ru	400–800	18	1O2, 0.16	—	—	—	HeLa	—	Apo	29
16	Ru	820	0.032	1O2, 0.87	72.9	3.3	22.1	A549R	—	Apo	34
17	Ru	450	12	1O2, 0.52	230	28	8.2	U87MG (MCTs)	Mito	Apo	35
		820	3		216	34	6.4
					216	9	24
25	Ru	800	10	1O2, 0.99	470	1.1	313	HeLa (MCTs)	Lyso	Nec	45
					>500	1.9	250
28	Ru	660	60	1O2, ˙OH, O2−˙	43	3.1	13.9	MCF7	Lyso	Apo	46
35	Ir	625	100	1O2, 0.56	3.27	0.2	16	SKMEL28	—	—	59
36	Ir	405	12	1O2, 0.7	30.3	0.4	75	HeLa (MCTs)	Mito	—	60
		730			38.6	0.35	110
39	Ir	808	480	1O2, 0.15, ˙OH, O2−˙	>100	14.4	—	A549	—	—	61
41	Ir	420	28	1O2 < 0.01, O2−˙	N:213	N: 1.32	161	HeLa	—	—	62
						H: 1.43	153
		550	21		H: 219	N:2.51	85
						H: 2.77	79
42	Ir	N: 465	N: 8.9	1O2, 0.71	N: 16.6	N: 1.0	N: 16.6	NCI–H460	Mito	Apo	63
		H: 450	H: 10.0		H: 31.6	H: 8.7	H: 3.6
					N: 35.4	N: 1.9	N: 18.6	HeLa
					H: 43.6	H: 5.2	H: 8.3
					N: 19.9	N: 1.1	N: 18.1	SGC791
					H: 23.6	H: 5.8	H: 4.0
					N: > 50	N:1.9	N: >25	Hep G2
					H: > 50	H: 3.5	H: > 14
					N: 43.6	N: 1.6	N: 27.2	A549
					H: 42.5	H: 2.3	H: 18.5
43	Ir	405	2.83	1O2, 0.68	N: 69.4	N: 3.8	N: 18.4	FaDu	Mito	Apo	64
					H: 79.6	H: 18.1	H: 4.4
					N: >100	N: 8.7	N: >11.5	HT-29
					H: 96.2	H: 28.6	H: 3.4
44	Ir	405	2.83	1O2, 0.08	N: >100	N: 5.4	N: >18.5	FaDu	Mito	Apo	64
					H: >100	H: 12.8	H: >7.8
					N: >100	N: 12.0	N: >8.3	HT-29
					H: >100	H: 24.2	H: >4.3
45	Ir	405	12	1O2, 0.79	N:49.42	N < 0.052	N: >959	A549	Mito	Apo	65
					H: 41.42	H: 0.06	H: >690
46	Ir	450	30	1O2, 0.81, ˙OH, O2−˙	N: 20.48	N: 0.51	N: 40.39	MCF-7	—	Fer	66
					H: 17.41	H: 1.74	H: 10.01
47	Ir	450	30	1O2, 0.76, ˙OH, O2−˙	N: 15.26	N: 0.20	N: 74.81	MCF-7	Mito	Apo	66
					H: 14.76	H: 0.41	H: 36.27			Fer
48	Ir	465	11.7	1O2, 0.76, O2−˙	63.8	0.37	172	HepG2-SR	Mito–Lyso	Apo	67
										Nec
49	Ir	405	6	1O2, 0.39	>100	24.3	>4.1	A594	ER	—	54
50	Ir	405	6	1O2, 0.45	56.6	0.6	94.3	A594	ER	Apo	54
51	Ir	405	6	1O2, 0.49	22.3	0.5	44.6	A594	ER	—	54
52	Ir	465	5.76	1O2, 0.06	89.6	53.3	1.7	A594	Nuc	—	68
53	Ir	465	5.76	1O2, 0.83	62.3	1.1	56.6	A594	Nuc	—	68
54	Pt	720–740	9.45	1O2, 0.15	8.4	0.14	60	C-33 A	Mito–Lyso	Apo	75
					18.2	0.65	28	MCF-7
55	Pt	425	36	1O2, 0.31	96.8	0.18	538	A594	Nuc	Apo	76
56	Pt	425	36	1O2, 0.28	49.2	4.6	11	A594	Lyso	—	76
57	Pt	520	6	1O2, 0.92	—	—	—	HeLa	—	Apo	77
58	Pt	600–720	30	1O2, 0.58	91.4	2.6	35.2	HeLa	Mito	—	79
					>100	6.0	>16.7	A594
					>100	2.3	>43.5	MCF-7
59	Pt	532	1	1O2, 0.13	>50	4.1	>12	MCF-7	Lyso–Nuc	—	82
					>50	5.8	>8	SGC791
					>50	3.8	>13	A594

^aMito: mitochondria, Lyso: lysosome, Cyto: cytoplasm, Nuc: nucleus, ER: endoplasmic reticulum; Apo: apoptosis, Fer: ferroptosis, and Nec: necrosis.