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. 2022 Apr 27;13:884275. doi: 10.3389/fgene.2022.884275

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Copyright © 2022 Aisagbonhi and Morris.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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HLA molecules in normal pregnancy. HLA-G-expressing syncytiotrophoblasts interact with the maternal systemic immune system at the intervillous space to induce tolerance. EVTs express HLA-C, -E, -F and–G and interact with maternal decidual immune cells and endothelial cells to induce tolerance and remodel spiral arteries. Optimal placentation occurs when HLA-C engages activating KIR receptors (e.g. KIR2DS1/5) resulting in release of chemokines and cytokines (e.g. GM-CSF and IL-8) that enhance EVT invasiveness. HLA-C also plays a role in pathogen recognition and antigen presentation.