FIGURE 1.
The roles of TDP-43 in DNA repair. (A) TDP-43 functions in the repair of R-loops formed during transcription, where it binds to γH2AX foci and RNA polymerase II (RNA Pol II). (B) In NHEJ DSB repair, (1) TDP-43 binds to damaged DNA, where it possibly facilitates the phosphorylation of histone H2AX. (2) TDP-43 binds to Ku70 and creates a scaffold for recruitment of the main DNA ligase involved in NHEJ, the XRCC4-DNA ligase IV complex (XRCC4).