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. 2022 Apr 27;9:847966. doi: 10.3389/fnut.2022.847966

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Copyright © 2022 Yang, Jian, Wen, Guo, Liao, Wen, Kuang, Han, Liu and Deng.

This is an open-access article distributed under the terms of the Creative Commons Attribution License (CC BY). The use, distribution or reproduction in other forums is permitted, provided the original author(s) and the copyright owner(s) are credited and that the original publication in this journal is cited, in accordance with accepted academic practice. No use, distribution or reproduction is permitted which does not comply with these terms.

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Effect of TA on acetate (A), propionate (B), butyrate (C), isobutyrate (D), isovalerate (E), valerate (F), total SCFAs (G), and total BCFAs (H) in dogs. Data are presented as mean ± SE (n = 6 or 7). *p < 0.05, ^**p < 0.01, and ^***p < 0.001 represent the difference calculated by Student’s t-test between the ST and ST + TA groups or the difference of each group at T1–T3 calculated by RM-ANOVA; ^#p < 0.10 represents the difference in tendency calculated by Student’s t-test between the ST and ST + TA groups or the difference in tendency of each group at T1–T3 calculated by RM-ANOVA. T1, day 7 before transportation; T2, day 8 after transportation; T3, day 14 after transportation. Total SCFAs (short-chain fatty acids) = acetate + propionate + butyrate; Total BCFAs (branched-chain fatty acids) = isobutyrate + isovalerate + valerate.