TABLE 6.
Polyphenols, location, and their concentration in mg/100 g of Z. nummularia and Z. oxyphylla
| Compounds | Concentration mg/100 g | ||||||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Z. nummularia | Swat | Dir lower | Z. oxyphylla | Swat | Dir lower | ||||
| Barikot + Seghram | Ghoraghat + Gullabad | Kotlai + Sogalai | Checkdara hill + Gull muqam | ||||||
| Mean ± SED | Mean ± SED | ||||||||
| Gallic acid | 11.9 ± 0.3 | 15.3 ± 0.5 | 1.98 ± 0.01 | 7.91 ± 0.1 | Gallic acid | 9.25 ± 0.2 | 4.78 ± 0.1 | 5.25 ± 0.2 | 4.90 ± 0.3 |
| Gallic acid derivative | 1.81 ± 0.01 | 1.87 ± 0.1 | 1.66 ± 0.01 | 0.678 ± 0.01 | Gallic acid derivative | 0.398 ± 0.01 | 0.576 ± 0.03 | 0.98 ± 0.01 | 0.76 ± 0.03 |
| Cinnamic acid derivative | 23.0 ± 0.5 | 23.2 ± 0.3 | 0.928 ± 0.02 | 0.666 ± 0.01 | Ellagic acid derivative | 1.91 ± 0.05 | 2.93 ± 0.05 | 3.00 ± 0.05 | 3.00 ± 0.05 |
| Ellagic acid derivative | 15.2 ± 0.2 | 11.3 ± 0.2 | 2.27 ± 0.1 | 2.52 ± 0.03 | P Hydroxybenzoylhexose | 3.66 ± 0.1 | 2.91 ± 0.1 | 6.56 ± 0.1 | 3.01 ± 0.1 |
| 5‐O‐Caffeoylquinic acid | 2.15 ± 0.1 | 2.18 ± 0.1 | 3.32 ± 0.1 | 3.30 ± 0.05 | Caffeic acid hex | 1.41 ± 0.07 | 0.776 ± 0.04 | 2.41 ± 0.07 | 1.01 ± 0.04 |
| Caffeic acid hexoside | 2.95 ± 0.1 | 3.31 ± 0.1 | 1.97 ± 0.02 | 1.60 ± 0.1 | p‐Coumaric Acid | 4.39 ± 0.1 | 1.54 ± 0.07 | 4.39 ± 0.1 | 2.50 ± 0.07 |
| Caffeic acid | 6.43 ± 0.2 | 6.69 ± 0.2 | 1.89 ± 0.04 | 2.34 ± 0.1 | 5‐O‐p‐Coumaroylquinic acid | 4.69 ± 0.1 | 5.38 ± 0.1 | 7.69 ± 0.1 | 5.90 ± 0.02 |
| Quercetin 3‐O‐rutinoside | 44.6 ± 1.1 | 49.5 ± 1.3 | 1.86 ± 0.1 | 0.471 ± 0.02 | Salicylic acid | 3.98 ± 0.06 | 3.23 ± 0.1 | 3.89 ± 0.06 | 3.23 ± 0.01 |
| Qurecetin‐3‐O‐galactoside | 30.9 ± 0.8 | 32.6 ± 1.8 | 3.96 ± 0.05 | 0.735 ± 0.03 | Luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside | 6.21 ± 0.2 | 4.45 ± 0.2 | 5.21 ± 0.2 | 5.00 ± 0.2 |
| Luteolin‐7‐O‐glucoside | 11.4 ± 0.5 | 12.9 ± 0.3 | 0.557 ± 0.01 | 2.54 ± 0.01 | Qurecetin‐3‐D‐galactoside | 10.5 ± 0.3 | 3.73 ± 0.03 | 14.5 ± 0.3 | 3.0.56 ± 0.13 |
| Kaempferol‐3‐O‐glucoside‐7‐O‐glucoside | 13.8 ± 0.7 | 15.5 ± 0.4 | 0.852 ± 0.02 | 0.349 ± 0.02 | Quercetin 3‐glucoside | 3.34 ± 0.04 | 1.29 ± 0.01 | 5.34 ± 0.04 | 1.52 ± 0.11 |
| Qurecetin derivative | 15.8 ± 0.9 | 12.1 ± 0.6 | 0.647 ± 0.01 | 0.181 ± 0.01 | Ellagic acid pentoside | 6.00 ± 0.1 | 1.51 ± 0.02 | 6.00 ± 0.1 | 2.78 ± 0.02 |
| Spinacetine‐3‐O‐(2‐feruloylglucopyranosyl)‐glucopyranoside | 11.4 ± 0.3 | 6.95 ± 0.3 | 0.287 ± 0.01 | 0.699 ± 0.01 | Proanthocyanidin B1 | 4.07 ± 0.1 | 1.47 ± 0.07 | 0.07 ± 0.1 | 2.10 ± 0.07 |
| Proanthocyanidin B1 | 2.95 ± 0.2 | 3.75 ± 0.1 | 0.345 ± 0.01 | 0.369 ± 0.01 | |||||