ChP segmentation in the ADNI dataset. A) Comparing GMM and Freesurfer with MS. GMM significantly improved Freesurfer segmentation (ΔDC=0.21, p < 0.005) but the accuracy was lower than manual segmentation (ΔDC=−0.21, p < 0.005). B) GMM and Freesurfer were applied to 509 subjects from the ADNI dataset. Histogram of DC similarity between GMM and Freesurfer segmentations and three samples showing Freesurfer and GMM segmentations with low similarity (DC = 0.17), medium similarity (DC = 0.32) and high similarity (DC = 0.66). C) ChP volume measured by GMM and Freesurfer across the diagnostic groups in the ADNI dataset. ChP volume was larger in the AD group when measured by GMM compared to Freesurfer (two-sample t-test: t = 2.61, p = 0.009), while other groups showed no statistically significant difference. ADNI, Alzheimer’s Disease Neuroimaging Initiative; DC, dice coefficient; ChP, choroid plexus; GMM, Gaussian Mixture Model.