Table 2.
CAMs expressed in unfavorable neuroblastoma.
| Cell Adhesion Molecule | Reference Number | Findings |
|---|---|---|
| P-cadherin | (4) | Overexpressed in unfavorable neuroblastoma specimens |
| VE-cadherin | (10) | Stabilizes tumor vascular structures |
| OB-cadherin | (10) | Capable of conferring an invasive phenotype and may be involved in metastasis to bone tissue |
| NCAM-180 isotope | (18) | NCAM-180 is associated with cell motility and is highly expressed in undifferentiated neuroblastic tumors |
| PSA-NCAM | (17) | Decreases cell adhesion and increases cell migration |
| (16) | PSA-NCAM allows for adhesion and penetration into endothelial cells | |
| (15) | PSA-NCAM complex keeps neuronal cells in an undifferentiated state | |
| (25) | Higher expression levels of PSA-NCAM are associated with higher-stage and more aggressive tumors | |
| (24) | PSA-NCAM is an even stronger unfavorable prognostic indicator than MYCN expression | |
| ALCAM | (27) | Weak ALCAM expression is significantly correlated with established markers for poor prognosis, such as MYCN amplification and higher INSS stages |
| αvβ3 integrin | (32) | αvβ3 can bind promiscuously to many receptors, increasing attachment, migration, and invasion |
| (33) | αvβ3 enhances IGF-IR-mediated neuroblastoma cell migration and facilitates attachment to ECM components | |
| α1β1, α3β1 integrin | (29) | Only observed on MYCN positive specimens |
| β-integrin | (4) | Overexpressed in unfavorable neuroblastoma |