Table 1:
Baseline characteristics by the 3 study drugs in allhat participants.
| S.No | Full Sample | Chlorthalidone | Amlodipine | Lisinopril | P value*† |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Participants, N (%) (Unless otherwise indicated) | |||||
| Eligible for further follow-up as of 1/1/1999 | 17158 | 7907 | 4636 | 4615 | NA |
| Age, mean (SD), years | 73.38 (6.31) | 73.31 (6.26) | 73.44 (6.37) | 73.44 (6.34) | 0.384 |
| Age group (as of 1/1/1999) | |||||
| Age <70 | 6016 (35.1) | 2815 (35.6) | 1602 (34.6) | 1599 (34.6) | 0.445 |
| Age 70–79 | 8403 (49.0) | 3871 (49.0) | 2272 (49.0) | 2260 (49.0) | |
| Age 80+ | 2739 (16.0) | 1221 (15.4) | 762 (16.4) | 756 (16.4) | |
| Gender | |||||
| Male | 7366 (42.9) | 3392 (42.9) | 1945 (42.0) | 2029 (44.0) | 0.148 |
| Female | 9792 (57.1) | 4515 (57.1) | 2691 (58.0) | 2586 (56.0) | |
| Race/Ethnicity | |||||
| Black | 5942 (34.6) | 2735 (34.6) | 1608 (34.7) | 1599 (34.6) | 0.994 |
| Non-Black | 11216 (65.4) | 5172 (65.4) | 3028 (65.3) | 3016 (65.4) | |
| Hispanic/Latino Ethnicity | |||||
| Hispanic | 3618 (21.2) | 1661 (21.1) | 954 (20.7) | 1003 (21.9) | 0.376 |
| Non-Hispanic | 13453 (78.8) | 6209 (78.9) | 3658 (79.3) | 3586 (78.1) | |
| Education level | |||||
| Education, mean (SD), years | 10.58 (4.21) | 10.60 (4.19) | 10.55 (4.13) | 10.57 (4.33) | 0.781 |
| High school or less | 11743 (74.0) | 5391 (73.6) | 3192 (74.4) | 3160 (74.2) | 0.578 |
| More than high school | 4123 (26.0) | 1931 (26.4) | 1096 (25.6) | 1096 (25.8) | |
| Treatment with antihypertensive drugs prior to trial baseline | |||||
| Treated | 15554 (90.7) | 7137 (90.3) | 4218 (91.0) | 4199 (91.0) | 0.269 |
| Untreated | 1604 (9.3) | 770 (9.7) | 418 (9.0) | 416 (9.0) | |
| Aspirin use (as of 1/1/1999) | 6347 (37.3) | 2924 (37.4) | 1689 (36.7) | 1734 (37.9) | 0.497 |
| Women taking estrogen at trial baseline | 1433 (14.9) | 692 (15.6) | 381 (14.4) | 360 (14.2) | 0.18 |
| HDL cholesterol (as of 1/1/1999), mean (SD), mg/dl | 48.13 (14.82) | 48.05 (14.83) | 48.53 (15.03) | 47.85 (14.57) | 0.079 |
| HDL <35 mg/dl (as of 1/1/1999) | 2764 (16.1) | 1279 (16.2) | 710 (15.3) | 775 (16.8) | 0.151 |
| Cigarette smoking at trial baseline | |||||
| Never smoker | 7562 (44.1) | 3460 (43.8) | 2070 (44.7) | 2032 (44.0) | 0.296 |
| Current Smoker | 2811 (16.4) | 1315 (16.6) | 777 (16.8) | 719 (15.6) | |
| Former Smoker | 6784 (39.5) | 3132 (39.6) | 1789 (38.6) | 1863 (40.4) | |
| Diabetes classification (as of 1/1/1999) | |||||
| Diabetes | 7012 (44.1) | 3251 (44.3) | 1898 (44.2) | 1863 (43.5) | 0.707 |
| Non-diabetes | 8900 (55.9) | 4091 (55.7) | 2392 (55.8) | 2417 (56.5) | |
| History of Coronary Heart Disease (CHD) (as of 1/1/1999) | 4792 (27.9) | 2246 (28.4) | 1251 (27.0) | 1295 (28.1) | 0.225 |
| Atherosclerotic Cardiovascular Disease (ASCVD) at trial baseline | 9375 (54.6) | 4374 (55.3) | 2465 (53.2) | 2536 (55.0) | 0.058 |
| History of Myocardial Infarction (MI) or stroke (as of 1/1/1999) | 4606 (26.8) | 2124 (26.9) | 1254 (27.0) | 1228 (26.6) | 0.891 |
| History of Coronary Artery Bypass Graft (CABG) (as of 1/1/1999) | 2652 (15.5) | 1233 (15.6) | 675 (14.6) | 744 (16.1) | 0.104 |
| Other ASCVD at trial baseline | 4516 (26.3) | 2084 (26.4) | 1205 (26.0) | 1227 (26.6) | 0.806 |
| Major ST segment depression (as of 1/1/1999) | 1374 (8.0) | 662 (8.4) | 331 (7.2) | 381 (8.3) | 0.037 |
| Left Ventricular Hypertrophy (LVH) by Minnesota code (as of 1/1/1999) | 658 (4.3) | 307 (4.3) | 178 (4.3) | 173 (4.2) | 0.95 |
| Lipid Lowering Trial (LLT) Participants | 4181 (24.4) | 1961 (24.8) | 1140 (24.6) | 1080 (23.4) | 0.195 |
| Body Mass Index (BMI), mean (SD), kg/m2 at trial baseline | 29.40 (5.98) | 29.35 (6.03) | 29.44 (5.98) | 29.45 (5.92) | 0.609 |
| Obesity (BMI ≥30 kg/m2) at trial baseline | 6821 (39.8) | 3125 (39.5) | 1847 (39.8) | 1849 (40.1) | 0.828 |
| Latest Blood Pressure (BP) reading prior to 1/1/1999, mmHg | |||||
| Systolic BP, mean (SD) | 140.10 (16.58) | 139.23 (16.23) | 140.12 (15.72) | 141.56 (17.85) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mean (SD) | 78.93 (10.03) | 79.04 (9.90) | 78.33 (9.87) | 79.34 (10.40) | <0.001 |
| Blood pressure change (the latest BP reading prior to 1/1/1999 minus BP at trial baseline), mmHg | |||||
| Systolic BP, mean (SD) | −7.19 (18.35) | −8.08 (17.90) | −6.92 (18.26) | −5.95 (19.13) | <0.001 |
| Diastolic BP, mean (SD) | −4.41 (10.54) | −4.50 (10.44) | −4.82 (10.50) | −3.85 (10.73) | <0.001 |
Abbreviations: N: Number Of Participants; ADRD: Alzheimer’s Disease and Related Dementias; SD: Standard Deviation.
Note:
*
P values represent significance level of the chi-square test of independence between randomized groups for binary and categorical variables, or the one-way Analysis Of Variance (ANOVA) between randomized groups for continuous variables,
†
Statistically significant p values (<0.05) are shown in bold text.