Figure - PMC

Skip to main content

An official website of the United States government

Here's how you know

Here's how you know

Official websites use .gov
A .gov website belongs to an official government organization in the United States.

Secure .gov websites use HTTPS
A lock ( ) or https:// means you've safely connected to the .gov website. Share sensitive information only on official, secure websites.

View full-text article in PMC

. 2021 Nov 19;27(3):1552–1561. doi: 10.1038/s41380-021-01372-y

Search in PMC
Search in PubMed
View in NLM Catalog
Add to search

© The Author(s) 2021

Open Access This article is licensed under a Creative Commons Attribution 4.0 International License, which permits use, sharing, adaptation, distribution and reproduction in any medium or format, as long as you give appropriate credit to the original author(s) and the source, provide a link to the Creative Commons license, and indicate if changes were made. The images or other third party material in this article are included in the article’s Creative Commons license, unless indicated otherwise in a credit line to the material. If material is not included in the article’s Creative Commons license and your intended use is not permitted by statutory regulation or exceeds the permitted use, you will need to obtain permission directly from the copyright holder. To view a copy of this license, visit http://creativecommons.org/licenses/by/4.0/.

PMC Copyright notice

Fig. 1 — A Representative images of PNNs labeled with WFL and their distribution throughout human vmPFC cortical layers. Scale bars = 100 and 20 µm (high-magnification panel). B Depressed suicides with a history of child abuse (DS-CA, N = 11) have significantly higher PNN densities compared to controls (CTRL, N = 10) and depressed suicides without history of child abuse (DS, N = 14) (group effect: F(2, 32) = 7.029, P = 0.0029; layer effect: F(3.395, 78.09) = 194.2, P < 0.0001; layer × group: F(10, 115) = 2.07, P = 0.0029, followed by Tukey’s multiple comparison test). C Representative images of a low (top) and high (bottom) intensity PNN in the vmPFC. PNNs from DS-CA subjects (N = 5) showed higher average WFL intensity (arbitrary units) compared to CTRLs (N = 5) or DS (N = 4) (Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA: H(2, 14) = 5.57, P = 0.049, followed by Dunn’s test). D PNNs from DS-CA subjects (N = 5) showed higher complexity (area covered by PNNs) compared to CTRLs (N = 5) or DS (N = 4) (Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA: H(2, 14) = 6.223, P = 0.034, followed by Dunn’s test). E Left: representative images of in situ hybridization for SLC17A7 (green) followed by WFL labeling (red). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue); right: representative images of in situ hybridization for PVALB (green) and GAD1 (white) followed by WFL labeling (red). Nuclei were stained with DAPI (blue). Scale bars = 20 µm. F Proportions of WFL-labeled PNNs expressing PVALB (PV+ neurons), GAD1 but not PVALB (other inhibitory neurons), and SLC17A7 (excitatory neurons). G DS-CA (N = 9) subjects have higher ratios of PVALB+ cells surrounded by PNNs compared to CTRLs (N = 8) and DS subjects (N = 4) (Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA H(2,21) = 9.45, P = 0.0037, followed by Dunn’s test), but not of GAD1+/PVALB− cells (Krukal–Wallis ANOVA H(2,20) = 3.28, P = 0.2) nor SLC17A7+ cells (Kruskal–Wallis ANOVA, H(2,21) = 2.58, P = 0.29). G Densities of PV+ cells assessed by immunohistology. No change between groups was observed (group effect: P = 0.132; layer effect: P < 0.0001; group × layer: P = 0.083).