Table 2.

Current main pharmacological treatment options of FTLD.

Pharmacological class	Therapeutic intervention	Drug	Effect	Evidence	References
Antidepressants	Behavioural symptoms	Citalopram Sertraline Fluoxetine Paroxetine Trazodone	May improve behavioural symptoms such as agitation and depression	Case reports and series, open label trials, randomised double-blind trial	[100–104, 132]
Antipsychotics	Behavioural symptoms	Quetiapine Risperidone Aripiprazole Olanzapine	May improve behavioural symptoms	Case reports and series, randomised double-blinded cross-over trial, follow-up study	[104–109]
Antiepileptics and lithium	Behavioural symptoms	Topiramate Valproic acid Carbamazepine	May improve behavioural symptoms	Case reports and series	[81, 102, 110, 112, 133, 134]
Acetylcholinesterase inhibitors	Cognitive symptoms	Donepezil Galantamine Rivastigmine	No improvement, may exacerbate behavioural symptoms	Open label trials, randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trials	[86, 117, 118]
NMDA antagonists	Cognitive symptoms, behavioural symptoms	Memantine	No improvement, may exacerbate cognition	Case series, open label trials, randomised double-blind placebo-controlled trials	[120–122, 135]
Dopaminergic therapies	Behavioural symptoms, psychotic symptoms	Dextroamphetamine Methylphenidate Selegiline Levodopa	Reduce agitation, may reduce psychotic and depressive symptoms	Randomised double-blinded cross-over trials, open label studies, case reports	[104, 105, 123, 124]