Fig. 5. Employing LD detection removes false positives under the recessive model.
a, c QQ plots of association tests under the recessive model without employing LD detection in the CNS and ALL cohorts, respectively. b, d QQ plots of association tests under the recessive model after employing LD detection with a P value threshold of 0.1. Red dots in (a) and (c) are false-positive genes that pass the exome-wide significance threshold (P < 2.5e-6). The P values are raw P values from the two-sided Cochran–Mantel–Haenszel (CMH) exact test.