Skip to main content
. 2022 May 11;12:197. doi: 10.1038/s41398-022-01889-y

Table 3.

Interventions proposed by stages.

Lieberman et al. [13] Agius et al. [7] McGorry et al. (2010) Cornblatt [33] Carrion et al. [36]
Stage 0 Potential for gene therapy Psychoeducation
 Stage 0a Psychotherapy Antidepressant
 Stage 0b

Antipsychotics

Antidepressant

Psychotherapy

Antipsychotics

Antidepressant

 Stage 0c

Antipsychotics

Antidepressant

Psychotherapy

Stage 1

Atypical antipsychotics

Stress reduction therapy

Antipsychotics

Antidepressant

Cognitive therapy

Family psychoeducation

Substance abuse reduction

Antipsychotics

Psychotherapy

 Stage 1a

Counseling and problem solving

Exercise

 Stage 1b

CBT

Cognitive intervention

Stage 2 Antipsychotics

Optimize medication

Psychosocial interventionsa

Family psychoeducation

CBT

Substance abuse reduction

Atypical antipsychotics

Antidepressant/mood stabilizers

Work rehabilitation

Stage 3 Antipsychotics and potential experimental agents as adjunctive treatment

Optimize medication: clozapine

Psychosocial interventionsa

Relapse prevention

 Stage 3a

Medical strategies

Psychosocial intervention

 Stage 3b Relapse prevention
 Stage 3c
Stage 4 Clozapine

CBT cognitive behavioral therapy.

aFamiliy interventions, Compliance therapy, Relapse intervention, Psychoeducation.