Figure 4. Redox homeostasis during suppressive viremia.

(A) Reactive oxygen species (ROS) detection in lymphocytic and monocytic cell populations from HC (n = 18), PLWH_EC (n = 16), and PLWH_ART (n = 18). UMAP representation showing the distribution of lymphocytic (CD4⁺ and CD8⁺ T cells) and monocytic (classical monocytes [CM], intermediate monocytes [IM], and non-classical monocytes [NCM]) cell populations. (B) Median fluorescence intensity (MFI) of ROS in CD4⁺, CD8⁺, CM, IM, and NCM in the cohort. Histograms show a representative sample from HC, PLWH_EC, and PLWH_ART exhibiting the median expression in each group. (C) Graphs showing MFI of ROS in each individual from HC, PLWH_EC, and PLWH_ART. (D) MFI of ROS in PLWH_EC (n = 16), short-term ART (sART, n = 8), and long-term ART (lnART, n = 8). Histograms show a representative sample from PLWH_EC, sART, and lnART exhibiting the median expression in each group. Statistical significance was determined using Mann–Whitney U test (P < 0.05 with *<0.05, **<0.03, ***<0.002) and represented with median. See also Fig S3.