Table 1.
Major clinical characteristics of the recruited optic neuritis patients with different antibody subtypes
| Total | AQP4-Ab-positive group | Double-Ab-negative group | MOG-Ab-positive group | P1 | P2 | P3 | |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Study subjects (eyes) | 124 | 96 | 22 | 6 | – | – | – |
| Female (n, %) | 106 (85.5%) | 87 (90.6%) | 16 (72.7%) | 3 (50.0%) | 0.055c | 0.021d | 0.573c |
| Age of onset (mean ± SD, years) | 33.81 ± 12.87 | 33.02 ± 12.64 | 37.73 ± 12.12 | 32.00 ± 18.53 | 0.162a | 0.765a | 0.530a |
| Age of PE initiation (mean ± SD, years) | 36.96 ± 12.35 | 36.60 ± 12.39 | 38.23 ± 12.11 | 38.00 ± 14.27 | 0.676a | 0.701a | 0.935a |
| Bilateral eye onset (n, %) | 31 (25.0%) | 14 (14.6%) | 15 (68.2%) | 2 (33.3%) | < 0.001b | 0.237d | 0.281c |
| Phenotype (n, %) | |||||||
| ON | 115 (92.7%) | 87 (90.6%) | 22 (100%) | 6 (100%) | 0.294c | > 0.999d | – |
| ON + others | 9 (7.3%) | 9 (9.4%) | 0 | 0 | – | – | – |
| Presence of ocular pain (n, %) | 73 (58.9%) | 56 (58.3%) | 13 (59.1%) | 4 (66.7%) | 0.948b | > 0.999c | > 0.999c |
| Disease duration (mean ± SD, years) | 3.11 ± 4.28 | 3.52 ± 4.25 | 0.51 ± 1.37 | 6.00 ± 7.46 | < 0.001a | 0.595a | 0.033a |
| History of ON (n, %) | 76 (61.3%) | 68 (70.8%) | 4 (18.2%) | 4 (66.7%) | < 0.001b | > 0.999c | 0.069c |
| History of TM (n, %) | 21 (16.9%) | 21 (21.9%) | 0 | 0 | 0.035c | 0.444c | - |
| History of area postrema syndrome (n, %) | 16 (12.9%) | 14 (14.6%) | 2 (9.1%) | 0 | 0.739c | 0.593d | > 0.999d |
| BMI (mean ± SD, kg/m2) | 23.32 ± 4.92 | 23.08 ± 5.22 | 24.87 ± 3.63 | 21.45 ± 2.80 | 0.007a | 0.252a | 0.045a |
| Systemic disease | |||||||
| Hypertension (n, %) | 7 (5.6%) | 5 (5.2%) | 2 (9.1%) | 0 | 0.845c | > 0.999d | > 0.999d |
| Diabetes mellitus (n, %) | 7 (5.6%) | 6 (6.3%) | 1 (4.5%) | 0 | 0.999c | > 0.999d | > 0.999d |
| Other autoimmune diseases (n, %) | 16 (12.9%) | 15 (15.6%) | 0 | 1 (16.7%) | 0.103c | > 0.999d | 0.214d |
| Malignant tumor (n, %) | 2 (1.6%) | 2 (2.1%) | 0 | 0 | > 0.999d | > 0.999d | - |
| Time (mean + SD), median (range), days | |||||||
| Onset to IVMP window |
10.85 ± 13.83, 7 (1–100) |
11.52 ± 14.76, 7 (1–100) |
9.32 ± 10.84, 2.5 (1–29) |
5.67 ± 4.63, 5.5 (1–12) |
0.112a | 0.300a | 0.849a |
| Onset to PE window |
38.31 ± 27.31, 29 (9–157) |
40.01 ± 29.52, 29 (9–157) |
33.45 ± 14.88, 32.5 (15–70) |
29.00 ± 24.49, 18.5 (11–75) |
0.915a | 0.211a | 0.283a |
| IVMP initiation to PE initiation window |
27.47 ± 24.45, 20 (3–124) |
28.49 ± 26.20, 20 (3–124) |
24.14 ± 15.19, 20.5 (7–68) |
23.33 ± 24.62, 13 (4–67) |
0.838a | 0.405a | 0.395a |
| Ophthalmic examination results | |||||||
| The thickness of pRNFL (mean + SD, μm) | |||||||
| n | 107 | 86 | 17 | 4 | |||
| Average pRNFL | 93.21 ± 50.14 | 87.44 ± 46.19 | 128.82 ± 59.07 | 65.75 ± 24.87 | 0.001a | 0.201a | 0.018a |
| spRNFL | 117.04 ± 73.84 | 108.99 ± 67.99 | 166.65 ± 88.96 | 79.25 ± 41.92 | 0.002a | 0.255a | 0.031a |
| ipRNFL | 114.67 ± 69.99 | 107.10 ± 63.23 | 161.76 ± 88.98 | 77.25 ± 38.50 | 0.002a | 0.289a | 0.031a |
| npRNFL | 79.33 ± 48.82 | 74.09 ± 46.64 | 110.12 ± 54.14 | 61.00 ± 17.91 | < 0.001a | 0.420a | 0.031a |
| tpRNFL | 59.64 ± 20.23 | 57.34 ± 16.61 | 74.59 ± 30.25 | 45.50 ± 9.04 | 0.011a | 0.155a | 0.018a |
| The thickness of mILM-RPE (mean + SD, μm) | |||||||
| n | 94 | 73 | 17 | 4 | |||
| mILM-RPE | 236.68 ± 32.74 | 231.44 ± 19.61 | 257.00 ± 61.90 | 246.00 ± 20.94 | 0.042a | 0.143a | 0.965a |
| F-VEP (mean + SD) | |||||||
| n | 107 | 86 | 17 | 4 | |||
| Amplitudes (μV) | 12.71 ± 6.94 | 12.94 ± 7.24 | 12.78 ± 5.59 | 7.64 ± 3.48 | 0.982a | 0.069a | 0.081a |
| Latencies (ms) | 125.40 ± 23.98 | 123.44 ± 24.85 | 133.29 ± 20.31 | 134.00 ± 7.53 | 0.067a | 0.168a | 0.965a |
Others include transverse myelitis and posterior zone syndrome
AQP4 aquaporin-4; MOG myelin oligodendrocyte glycoprotein; Ab antibody; ON optic neuritis; TM transverse myelitis; BMI body mass index; IVMP intravenous methylprednisolone; PE plasma exchange; pRNFL peripheral retinal nerve fiber layer; spRNFL superior peripheral retinal nerve fiber layer; ipRNFL inferior peripheral retinal nerve fiber layer; npRNFL nasal peripheral retinal nerve fiber layer; tpRNFL temporal peripheral retinal nerve fiber layer; mILM-RPE macular inner limiting membrane retinal pigment epithelium; F-VEP flash visual evoked potential; n number of eyes; SD standard deviation
P1 P value for comparison between AQP4-Ab-positive group and double-Ab-negative group
P2 P value for comparison between AQP4-Ab-positive group and MOG-Ab-positive group
P3 P value for comparison between double-Ab-negative group and MOG-Ab-positive group
Bold: P < 0.05
aMann–Whitney U test
bChi-square test
cCorrected chi-square test
dFisher’s exact test