Table 4.
Total direct cost (PPPM) incurred by patients with AD dementia
| Author, year (study name) | Setting | Direct costs (per month) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| Total | Medical | Non-medical (i.e., social care) | ||
| Chen, 2019 | USA | $1161* | – | – |
| Zissimopoulos, 2014 | USA | $3506* | – | – |
| Bayen, 2020 | USA | $1601* | – | – |
| Pyenson, 2019 | USA | $1601* | – | – |
| Desai, 2019‡‡ | USA | – | $1473*,**,‡‡ | – |
| Bruggenjurgen, 2015 | Germany | €855* | – | – |
| Henderson, 2019 (IDEAL) | UK | £284‡ | – | – |
| Jones, 2015 | UK | £1339‡ | £365‡ | £975‡ |
| Maresova, 2018 (meta-analysis) | France, Spain | – | €313 | €1398 |
| Olazaran, 2017 (GERAS II) | Spain | €878†† | €289 | €589 |
| Darba, 2020 | Spain | €449* | – | – |
| Darba, 2015 | Spain | €312†,e | €171† | €141† |
| Nakanishi, 2020 (GERAS-J) | Japan | JPY 95,923†† | JPY 26,744 | JPY 69,179 |
| Takechi, 2019 | Japan | – | – | JPY 81,970 |
| Jia, 2018; Yan, 2019 | China | $789*,†† | $531* | $258* |
AD Alzheimer disease, ED emergency department, GERAS Geriatric Education and Research in Aging Sciences, PPPM per patient per month, UK United Kingdom, USA United States
Costs reported over longer time frames (12 months*, 6 months†, or 3 months‡) were adjusted as appropriate to generate monthly costs
**Includes hospitalization and ED costs but not outpatient and drug costs
††Based on addition of medical and non-medical costs
‡‡Reports costs incurred during the year prior to diagnosis of AD dementia