Table 1.
Formulation and analyzed composition of the experimental diets.
| Ingredients | Control dieta | Test dietsb (g/100 g) | ||
|---|---|---|---|---|
| (g/100 g diet) | 10% CM | 20% CM | 30% CM | |
| Clam meal | – | 10.0 | 20.0 | 30.0 |
| Menhaden meal | 31.2 | 22.0 | 12.3 | 3.0 |
| Soybean meal | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 | 20.5 |
| Corn gluten meal | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 | 11.8 |
| Wheat gluten | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Blood meal, spray dried | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Shrimp meal | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 | 5.0 |
| Dextrin | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 | 2.8 |
| Menhaden oil | 6.4 | 7.0 | 7.5 | 7.9 |
| Soybean oil | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 | 7.4 |
| Sipernat 50 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 | 1.0 |
| Mineral premix | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 | 1.5 |
| Vitamin premix | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 | 0.5 |
| Lecithin | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Stay C-35 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 | 0.1 |
| Carboxymethyl cellulose (CMC) | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 | 2.0 |
| α-Cellulose | 3.3 | 1.9 | 1.2 | 0.0 |
| Total | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 | 100.0 |
| Diet composition (in W/W%)c | ||||
| Dry matter (%) | 92.2 | 91.2 | 92.2 | 91.2 |
| Crude protein* | 50.0 | 50.2 | 51.1 | 52.4 |
| Crude fat | 8.7 | 9.1 | 8.7 | 9.1 |
| Crude fiber | 4.4 | 3.1 | 2.5 | 1.6 |
| Ash | 11.3 | 10.1 | 9.0 | 7.7 |
| Digestible energy (kcal/100 g) | 375.1 | 378.7 | 375.2 | 376.0 |
aRiche & Williams. Aquaculture Nutrition, 2011, 17: 368–379, with some modification.
bTest diets are formulated to have 10%, 20% and 30% CM (clam meal) of the diet while replacing FM. They are isonitrogenous and iso-lipidic with the control diet.
cAnalyzed by the Experiment Station Chemical Laboratories (ESCL), University of Missouri, Columbia, MO 65211. Results are expressed on an “as is” basis unless otherwise indicated.
W/W% = grams per 100 g of sample.
Crude protein* = %N × 6.25.