Table 1.

Evacuation status under the condition of the COVID-19 pandemic

Surveillance and information-sharing (public assistance)	Starting time of surveillance	In the case of COVID-19, which is regarded as an infection that is spread through contact or droplets, there is a risk of rapid spread from infected persons.
		Therefore, a system is required that enables postdisaster surveillance to be carried out simultaneously with the establishment of evacuation centers.
	Method of implementing surveillance	Continuous implementation of measures without omissions, even for small-scale evacuation centers and evacuees who are dispersed, is essential.
	Method of sharing information	A system for ensuring that information reaches evacuees, including those who are dispersed or in small-scale evacuation centers, is necessary.
Evacuation center environment and stockpiled supplies (public assistance)	Evacuation space	6m2 per person is required for securing 2 m of social distance. The number of individuals who can be accepted at evacuation centers will be approximately one-third of the number usually accepted, making it more difficult to secure evacuation space.
	Spaces for isolation	Because droplets are the infectious agent, securing space for isolation is the most critical issue.
	Stockpiled supplies	During pandemics, masks and alcohol disinfectants are in short supply.
		Therefore, evacuees need to bring these items with them.
Community disaster risk reduction and community leadership (self-help and mutual assistance)	Sanitary environment	Hand hygiene that extends beyond conventional practices is necessary and is performed according to individual evacuees’ judgments and sense of responsibility.
	Autonomous activity	Self-governance entailing residents’ leadership is challenging to implement in the case of dispersed evacuees.

Note: Adapted from Sakamoto et al, 2020.