Table 4.
Earthquakes’ features pertinent to the COVID-19 era and the purposes of their associated selected studies
| No | Earthquake features | Purposes of the associated studies | ||||
|---|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Earthquake location | Date of occurrence | Magnitude | Major earthquake features underscored in the reviewed study/studies | Study purpose | Publication date | |
| 1 | Albania | Nov 26, 2019 | 6.3 | Affected 202,000 people, including 51 victims, 17,000 displaced, 989 million Euros in damage. | To evaluate the long-term impacts of the earthquake and the COVID-19 events in the Albanian economy. 20 | 2020 |
| 2 | Croatia (Zagreb) | March 22, 2020 | 5.5 | Despite extensive damages, Croatia has survived due to well-organized public health system and coordinated outbreak response. | [To illustrate the dual management of the pandemic and the earthquake by the health-care system * ]. 21 | 2020 |
| 3 | The health disruption experienced by the high-risk cardiovascular patients due to the COVID-19 and the earthquake | To report how outpatient cardiovascular rehabilitation in Zagreb was adapted to the emerging conditions due to the COVID-19 pandemic and the large earthquake. 22 | 2021 | |||
| 4 | The exacerbation of existing mental health disorders and contribution to “new” stress-related mental health disruptions and disorders | The dual mental pressures of COVID-19 and earthquake. 19 | 2020 | |||
| 5 | The concurrence of meteorological and geological hazards interacting with COVID-19 impacts which will challenge the resilience of societies and systems | To discuss the issue of the cascading crises during the spread of COVID-19 pandemic. 23 | 2020 | |||
| 6 | The psychotic disorders during the time of the 2-fold simultaneous trauma; the COVID-19 pandemic and the devastating earthquake in Zagreb | To describe the functioning mode of 2 Day Hospitals for Early Intervention and Psychotic Disorders at Psychiatric Hospital “Sveti Ivan” during the outbreak of the COVID-19 pandemic. 24 | 2020 | |||
| 7 | Mixed impact of the COVID-19 pandemic and the earthquake on traffic flow | To introduce the application of Intelligent Transport Systems (ITS) which can particularly be used in cases of postdisaster occurrences such as flood, fire, or earthquake. 25 | 2020 | |||
| 8 | Haiti | 2010 | 7 | Following Haiti earthquake, a cholera epidemic that killed thousands of residents was inadvertently started by United Nations’ aid workers. | To enlighten how the lesson learned in Haiti earthquake helped apply COVID-19 risk-reduction strategy during relief measures following Tropical Cyclone (TC) Harold. 26 | 2021 |
| 9 | Japan (Great East Japan Earthquake) | 2011 | After Japan Earthquake, pharmacists worked with local pharmaceutical wholesalers and other professionals to establish a supply system for drugs and sanitary materials | To show that the experience of the 2011 Great East Japan Earthquake (GEJE) will provide helpful information to better define the role of pharmacists in ongoing COVID-19 pandemic and future disasters. 27 | 2020 | |
| 10 | The residents of Fukuhsima are experiencing COVID-19 pandemic following 2011 Japan disaster, a complex disaster of earthquake, tsunami, and nuclear accident which caused subthreshold PTSD. | To discuss the effects of subthreshold PTSD in a previous disaster on an exacerbation of PTSD symptoms in another disaster. 28 | 2021 | |||
| 11 | The effects of 2011 Japan Earthquake and Covid-19 pandemic on industrial supply chains | A public policy analysis of mandatory annual disclosures for listed companies. 29 | 2021 | |||
| 12 | ||||||
| 13 | Mexico (La Crucecita, Oaxaca) | June 23, 2020 | 7.4 | During COVID-19 crisis, the earthquake triggered a tsunami which caused intertidal organism mortality. | To describe the details of the rapid response survey of the vertical coseismic deformation, tsunami, geologic effects, and lessons from working in the field during the COVID-19 crisis. 30 | 2021 |
| 14 | Nepal (Gorkha earthquakes) | 2015 | 7.6 | Nepal’s already strained health system was worsened by the damages due to the Gorkha earthquakes; and is inevitably going to be impaired by the current pandemic | To explore how the long-term impacts due to the earthquakes are compounded by the evolving current pandemic. 31 | 2020 |
| 15 | The fundamental role Nepalese women played in the country’s response to the natural disaster. | what lessons we can learn when confronting the country’s response to current COVID-19 global epidemic. 32 | 2020 | |||
| 16 | Viewing the 2 crises of 2015 Nepal earthquake and COVID-19 through the lens of politics of governance of crisis | To argue how the earthquake prompted many forma of citizen-centric politics of governance; forms we can witness in the immediate response to the global pandemic. 33 | 2020 | |||
| 17 | Comparing and contrasting Nepal earthquake in 2015 and the COVID-19 in terms of children or orphanage trafficking | To explain how each emergency has impacted children without parental care or at risk of family separation, with specific reference to orphanage trafficking, volunteerism, child institutionalization and family preservation. 34 | ||||
| 18 | Utah | March 18, 2020 | 5.7 | With estimates of $150 million U.S. in damage and a few injuries but no deaths, the earthquake was impacted by lockdown due to COVID-19, a toxic plume caused by the ground shaking, inclement weather, and a mountain lion. | To provide background on the planning and protocols for the COVID-19, to discuss the actual response; to provide details about the sequence, the design. and installation of the aftershock network, and coordination with partners and stakeholders; and to discuss public communication efforts. 35 | 2021 |
*
This is an implied purpose; not stated by the authors in the article.