Table 5.

Information categories and their frequencies presented for each earthquake

Earthquake location	Challenges	f	Successful measures/response	f	Public cooperation	f	Recommendations	f
Albania	Economic decline in Postearthquake period due to COVID-19	2	NA		NA		Ongoing reforms to system of economic governance	1
							Providing economic basis for loss compensation through social productivity and sustainable economic development	2
Croatia	Reduction in health-care availability	2	coordinated outbreak response	2	Conscientious public compliance with social distancing and other preventive measures	1	Identification of probable natural disasters and advancing preparation accordingly	1
	Acceleration of morbidity and mortality	3
	Lifestyle deterioration of less resilient people	1	Outpatient rehabilitation measures for cardiovascular (CV) patients	7			Provision of psychological first-aid through telemedicine	2
	Dual psychological pressures	2
	Disruption of prevention protocols	1	Tele-psychiatry modalities	3			Radar detector for real-time traffic data collection in extraordinary situations	2
	Disruption of commuting	1
Haiti	NA		Not allowing the foreigners to enter the country (Risk Reduction Strategy; lesson learned from the postearthquake cholera epidemic)	1	NA		Strict COVID-19 inspection of the entering national/international disaster-response personnel	2
			The Government’s strict health protocols for all humanitarian cargos (Risk Reduction Strategy; lesson learned from the postearthquake cholera epidemic)	1			Well-publicized, strongly supported masking campaign	1
			Reducing the chances of inadvertent COVID-19 spread country (Risk Reduction Strategy; lesson learned from the postearthquake cholera epidemic)	1
Japan	Inefficient engagement of the pharmacists	2	NA		NA		Possible pharmacists’ roles during COVID-19 pandemic	5
	Ineffective supply system distribution	1					Consciousness raising to mitigate the psychological impacts of the 2 disasters	3
	Exacerbation of initial symptoms of subthreshold PTSD	3					Establishing remote mental care support system	1
	Detrimental impacts of the 2 disasters on businesses	4					Possible businesses-sustaining measures	4
	Increased risk of infection transmission in evacuation centers	1					Possible community empowerment measures at evacuation centers	2
Mexico	Travelling challenges	2	NA		Observing all essential preventive measures	7	NA
Nepal	Earthquake impacts worsening due to the pandemic	1	Innovations in effective child protection	2	Similar citizen-centric initiatives/politics in both crises	3	Immediate measures to support the health system	1
	Inefficiency of Nepal’s health system	1
	Escalation of vulnerability and poverty due to mobility restrictions	1					Recognizing the women’s capabilities for local mitigation planning of coronavirus impacts by remembering their key role in Nepal’s postearthquake recovery and resilience	2
	Risk of COVID-19 explosion due to poverty	1					Determining citizen-driven local Ombudsman to monitor the responses, use of funds, and recovery measures	2
	Impact of lockdown on economy, health, and rebuilding	4					Community-based civil society campaign to monitor government budget and expenditure, to conduct media scrutiny, focused on the conduct and performance of officials handling the response at national and local level	2
	Government’s inefficiency to alleviate the impacts of the pandemic	3					Citizen-driven forms of participatory and accountability politics to reveal governance weaknesses	1
	Nepal, unprepared for an infection outbreak due to being involved with 2015 earthquake	2					Embracing more responsibility by government actors in the absence of international interference	1
	Lack of international humanitarian response	1
Utah	NA		capability of our duty seismologists to work remotely	1	NA		Prior provision of necessary materials	4
							Providing rapid and accurate information for the public	2
							Providing continuous lines of data from aftershock stations (multi-layered communication network)	1
							Having a plan, practicing it, and updating it!	1