Table 1.
General characteristics of the included studies.
| References | Country | Population (n) | Setting* | Response rate | Measurement properties reported |
|---|---|---|---|---|---|
| Arab et al. (28) | Iran | Physicians, nurses, and paramedics (273) | PH | 91% | Structural validity, internal consistency |
| Efkemann et al. (29) | Germany | Mental health professionals (209) | PH | No data | Structural validity, internal consistency |
| Elmer et al. (30) | Switzerland/Germany | Mental health professionals (424) | PH/MS | 26% | Internal consistency, hypothesis testing |
| Husum et al. (19) | Norway | Multidisiplinary staff groups (215) | PH | No data | Structural validity, internal consistency |
| Kiejna et al. (30) | Poland | Multidisiplinary staff groups (120) | PH | No data | Structural validity, internal consistency, reliability |
| Krieger et al. (30) | Germany | Multidisiplinary staff groups (138) | PH | 13.8% | Internal consistency |
| Lambert et al. (31) | UK | Nursing staff (63) | PH | No data | Structural validity |
| Molewijk et al. (8) | Norway | Multidisiplinary staff groups (379) | PH | No data | Internal consistency |
| Motteli et al. (32) | Switzerland | Multidisiplinary staff groups (110) | PH | 36% | Internal consistency |
| Orlick (33) | USA | Nursing staff/patient care technicians (50) | PH | 73.5% | Internal consistency |
| Rabenschlag et al. (25) | Switzerland | Staff (39) | PH | 49% | Internal consistency |
| Raveesh et al. (27) | India | Psychiatrists (210) and caregivers (210) | PH | No data | Internal consistency |
| Wu et al. (34) | Taiwan | Psychiatric social workers (235) | PH | 59% | Internal consistency |
*
Setting: PH, psychiatric hospitals; MS, medical students.